BEDFORD PARK, Ill. - Farming in abandoned warehouses has become a hot trend in the Midwest - with varying degrees of success - as more entrepreneurs worldwide experiment with indoor growing systems in attempts to grow more food locally.
Now one facility, Farmed-Here LLC in suburban Chicago, is attempting to take indoor warehouse farming to the “mega farm” level, in a region of the country known more for its hog, corn and soybean farms than for crops of boutique greens.
In Chicago, Milwaukee and other urban areas, entrepreneurs have taken up residence in vacant buildings that have high ceilings and plenty of space. Often, these are called “vertical” farms because, within the buildings, farmers build tall structures with several levels of growing beds, often lined with artificial lights. With so much vacant space available, the cost of the property is often cheap, to buy or rent, though the power needed to run the facilities often is not.
Elsewhere, growers are incorporating greenhouses and natural light into their models - sometimes on rooftops, or in large fields.
Though farmers are experimenting with all kinds of crops, most have had success growing greens - herbs, various types of lettuce and “microgreens,” edible plants, such as beets and sunflowers, which are harvested when they are young and used like sprouts in salads and sandwiches.
“Aquaponic” farms, which also raise tilapia and other fish, use water circulated to the plants that is fertilized with the fish excrement. Often, these farms also sell the fish to grocers or restaurants.
“It’s different here than I’ve seen anywhere else. Justthe size, the sheer scale of it is very unique,” says Maximino Gonzalez, the master grower at FarmedHere LLC.
The company, based in Bedford Park, Ill., is finishing the first of four phases, with plans to expand by the end of next year to 150,000 square feet of vertical growing space.
Already, they say theyare the largest vertical farm in the country, a claim experts who monitor the field believe to be true. The farm supplies local grocery stores with fresh basil, arugula and other greens.
Right now, the farm has two large structures with five to six levels of growing beds that are lit with fluorescent lighting.
One structure, where basil is grown, is “aquaponic.” Water underneath the plants - which rest in cutouts in plastic-foam “floats” - circulates through a system from the plants to two large tanks of fish. The other structure, where arugula is grown, is “aeroponic,” with water misters underneath that spray the plants’ exposed roots.
A third structure is under construction and will be completed soon, owners at FarmedHere say.
To get their crops, workers plant the seeds and grow seedlings on racks, then transfer them into the growing systems.
After about a month, the crops - certified as “ organ-ic” by the U.S. Department of Agriculture - are harvested and packaged by about a dozen workers in a cooling room at the facility. Early on the morning after the harvests, workers use two vans to deliver those greens - mainly basil and arugula right now - to grocers in Chicago and suburbs, including Whole Foods and Mariano’s Fresh Market locations.
FarmedHere Chief Executive Officer Jolanta Hardej calls it “on-demand farming.”
“Let’s say that the demand is suddenly for various types of arugula or various types of mixed greens, or mini greens,” Hardej said. “We could change the whole system … and pretty much within the next 14 to 28 days, we have a full-grown plant, whatever the market requires.”
The biggest stumbling block for facilities like these remains power, given the amount of electricity needed to run the lights that help the plants grow. In addition, heating the massive spaces can be costly.
Experts in the field say that will also be a big challenge for FarmedHere, because of its size.
A few other indoor farms in Wisconsin and Chicago have gone out of business, or are struggling to stay open.
“It’s hard to get there for sure,” says Sylvia Bernstein, an aquaponics supplier based in Boulder, Colo., who blogs about the trend. “There are a lot of people working on it.”
Some growers are experimenting with solar, wind and methane as ways to generate the power. Others are supplementing artificial light with natural greenhouse or window lighting.
Hardej says FarmedHere is looking at methane options, though she declined to elaborate for competitive reasons. She said the eventual goal is for the facility to be self-sustaining.
Many believe that indoor farms that rely on artificial light will become even more viable as energy-efficient LED lighting improves and becomes more affordable.
But Dickson Despommier, a retired Columbia University microbiologist who wrote the book The Vertical Farm: Feeding the World in the 21st Century, says powering farmsis still the biggest hurdle for the industry - one that many farmers are often reluctant to talk about publicly.
“A lot of them will tuck their head under their wings and say, ‘Wait and see,’” he says, noting that he’s anxious to see large indoor farming models in Japan that use both artificial and natural light. He says entrepreneurs in Germany also are experimenting with flickering lights that use less power but still emit enough light to grow plants.
“In another two or three years, this will shake out,” Despommier says. “And we’ll see which systems work and which don’t.”
Business, Pages 67 on 03/31/2013