Have you heard? There's a new study creating quite a buzz: It suggests that parents play a key role in whether their children become little despots.
The study "Origins of Narcissism in Children," published March 24 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, found that parents who "overvalue" their children between the ages of 7 and 11 raised kids who scored higher on tests of narcissism.
In other words, parents who described their offspring as "more special than other children" and as deserving "something extra in life" produced kids who think they're God's gift to the world.
"Children believe it when their parents tell them that they are more special than others," said Brad Bushman, co-author of the study and professor of communication and psychology at Ohio State University. "That may not be good for them or for society."
Bushman conducted the study with lead author Eddie Brummelman, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands.
WELL, DUH
It comes as no surprise that having children who think they are better than everyone else at anything they do isn't a good thing -- for the children themselves and for society at large. And young people can attest that parents are some of the worst when it comes to bragging about their kids' achievements.
What struck me the most about the study was that in helping our children develop a healthy self-esteem, we can so easily slip into overvaluing their performances, which can lead to a narcissistic attitude. As Brummelman put it, "Rather than raising self-esteem, overvaluing practices may inadvertently raise levels of narcissism."
Parents could read the findings as a warning that labeling their kids as "extra special" would not be the self-esteem booster previously thought.
"When I first started doing this research in the 1990s, I used to think my children should be treated like they were extra-special," said Brummelman. "I'm careful not to do that now."
Based upon my experience as a certified parenting coach, here are seven ways we as parents can keep narcissism at bay in our kids and avoid overusing praise.
1. Love your kids, warts and all.
The more we view our children as flawed (as we ourselves are), the more we will be able to love them in their imperfect state. None of us is perfect, and when we can accept that our children are not all geniuses or the next great sports star -- that they are, in fact, wonderfully ordinary and average -- we will be able to relax and enjoy them for who they are right now.
The ability to recognize failings and to still love and accept them is one of the greatest gifts we can give our children.
2. Stick to the point with praise.
Think about how you feel when someone says, "Good job!" as opposed to "You really nailed that presentation by including those questions at the end. Gave us something to think about going forward with this project."
General praise is much less meaningful than a compliment on a certain achievement. Our children are no different. When we are as precise as possible in our compliments, we tell them that we truly appreciate -- and recognize -- their effort.
3. Praise the present.
When we talk in terms of "always" or "never," we negate the effort right in front of us. We also mar the satisfaction in a job well done if that job is lumped in with the past and future. This means we shouldn't tell our kids, "You always do such a nice job" when referring to their room cleaning. What we should say is something like, "You did a good job on your room today."
That anchors the praise in the present and shows the child it's the current effort being complimented, not some inborn general excellence.
4. Be sparing, but not a miser, with your praise.
Kids don't need a lot of praise to build their self-esteem. The more you praise, the more the child craves compliments. When your child has had an overload of praise, he will start to crave it by asking you to compliment every effort he makes.
Over-praising can also lead to a child's viewing all compliments as meaningless and not special.
Striking a good balance between too much and too little praise can be difficult but well worth the effort on our part.
5. Praise what is worthy of complimenting.
More often than not, we tend not to think about what we're praising. I'm as apt to toss off a generic, "Oh, great job, dear," as I am to truly think about why I'm complimenting my son's effort. If we praise everything a child does, the praise loses its effectiveness. But if we praise nothing a child does, self-esteem can suffer. Again, the middle ground is our friend.
For example, rather than praising every good grade on a test in a subject that's easy for your child, praise the effort it took to finish a particularly difficult math worksheet. By using praise judiciously, parents help children see that hard work pays off, that they are not special above all others, and that they have faults just like everyone else.
6. Teach the Golden Rule.
The concept of treating others as you would like to be treated has taken a beating in today's all-about-me culture, but it's, ahem, golden in helping kids not think too highly of themselves. Have your kids memorize "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you," and use it to check motivations, actions and attitudes in their lives. This can be prescriptive against letting narcissism take root.
When we think about treating others as we prefer to be treated, we naturally are not putting ourselves on a higher plane above other people and their needs. The Golden Rule helps to ground children and can lead to a lifetime of being aware that other people have feelings.
7. Walk in their shoes.
Along with the Golden Rule is the ability to empathize with others -- the flip side of narcissism. The more we can guide our children in thinking about how the situation looks from the other person's point of view, the less likely they will develop an attitude of superiority. By pointing out how the other person might feel or why the other person might have acted a certain way, we help our kids think through situations with compassion rather than a "what's-in-it-for-me" outlook.
These are just some of the ways we can work with our children to have a healthy, open-handed approach to life, one that will embrace others as worthy of empathy and compassion. The more we can help children admit their limitations, enjoy and employ their abilities and view others as worthy companions in their lives, the more we will help our kids become happy, productive members of society.
Sarah Hamaker is a certified leadership parenting coach. She is author of Ending Sibling Rivalry: Moving Your Kids From War to Peace (Beacon Hill Press, 2014).
Family on 04/01/2015