Just in time for the holidays, American Airlines has announced the end of the Frequent Flier Era as we've known it. Starting next year, the airline's customers will earn miles based on how much they spend on a ticket rather than how far they fly. In making the shift, American becomes the last of the big three U.S. airlines to adopt a revenue-based frequent-flier program.
The switch makes good economic sense for the airlines. But if the goal of such programs is to reward loyal passengers, then it's time to replace mileage rewards with something else entirely: cash.
Interestingly enough, American invented the frequent-flier program back in 1981. In the super-competitive years following deregulation, others followed suit in hopes of enticing passengers to stick with a single carrier for all their flights. At the time there was still some correlation between distance flown and the cost of a ticket. So using mileage as the basis for rewards made sense.
Over the years, however, as airlines have grown more sophisticated about adjusting prices in response to passenger demand, the link between distance and cost has broken down. These days, some short-haul domestic routes with high demand (and low capacity) are more expensive than popular and competitive international flights. As a result, those airlines still committed to mileage-based rewards programs are kicking back more miles to a passenger who buys a cheap fare from Minneapolis to London than one who pays a more expensive full fare to fly to Cincinnati (long one of the most expensive U.S. airports). That's a bit like a credit card company offering cash rebates for how often you charge, not for how much.
The only problem is that there's no free market for award tickets; the airlines set the price. If American wants to raise the cost of a reward ticket from 25,000 miles to 35,000 miles, there's nothing a customer can do but accept the devaluation of his or her mileage. That might suit the airlines, but it wouldn't do much to instill customer loyalty.
There's a better way. Rather than reward passengers with miles, airlines should simply start handing out cash rebates. Passengers who fly more would receive a higher percentage of their cash back, while those who fly less would still see their accounts filling with dollars and cents. The transparency alone would be a draw. As airlines competed to offer bigger cash-back rewards, customers could better judge who really deserved their loyalty.
Meanwhile, the airlines would win by giving out a currency--dollars and cents--that's constantly being eroded by inflation, especially since passengers tend not to spend their frequent-flier rewards. (One airline analyst claims there are 17.5 trillion unredeemed miles sitting in frequent-flier accounts worldwide.) Ticket prices could be adjusted upward or downward for frequent fliers, giving the airlines even more pricing power. Passengers and airlines would need time to adjust to the new system, of course. But long-term, it'd ensure that every flier knew whether it was worth going that extra mile to demonstrate loyalty.
Editorial on 11/30/2015