SACRAMENTO, Calif. -- California's state fire department is stretched thin just as the bone-dry state enters the peak of its wildfire season, with vacancy rates exceeding 15 percent for some firefighters and supervisors. The vacancy rate is more than 10 percent for some fire engine drivers, according to statistics provided to The Associated Press.
A five-year drought and changing weather patterns have transformed what once was a largely summertime job into a year-round fight, said Janet Upton, spokesman for California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, or Cal Fire.
"It's not the old days where we were a seasonal department with a season that lasted a few months," she said. "It's an increasingly challenging job, no thanks to Mother Nature and climate change."
The shortage means the state fire department is forced, during weather conditions conducive to large blazes, to keep firefighters on duty for long hours as they do backbreaking, dangerous work trying to put out wildfires that have become bigger and more frequent in recent years.
Nearly 25 percent of departing employees over the past two years have told officials that they quit for better-paying jobs with other firefighting agencies, according to the statistics provided to the AP by Cal Fire.
The union that represents the state firefighters who fight fires outside urban and suburban areas blamed low pay as more than 100 members, families and representatives of other unions protested in Sacramento on Monday.
Union and department officials said California has enough state firefighters to keep the public safe -- at the expense of firefighting men and women who frequently work for weeks without days off and without seeing their families.
"We're short-staffed, we're stretched thin, we're in these epidemic fire conditions," said Patrick Walker, 40, a Cal Fire captain in San Diego County.
He worked 47 straight days fighting one fire last year and said he worked three weeks with no break this year, most of it fighting a Monterey County fire that has burned more than 134 square miles.
"With the pay inequities, the shifts we work and the turnover, we're running less and less people," Walker said. "There may be a concern where the public is at risk due to the long hours."
Union members are seeking a midcontract pay raise that would give compensation above the $60,000 a typical firefighter is paid each year in salary and overtime. Fire captains typically make more than $85,000, and the salaries of battalion chiefs exceed $98,000.
A 2014 study by the state's human resources department found state firefighters receive one-third less in pay and benefits, on average, than their counterparts at fire departments for 18 California cities and two counties surveyed.
The state firefighting department is responsible for preventing and fighting wildfires over terrain that covers about a third of California -- more than 48,000 square miles spanning the Sierra Nevada foothills and the coastal mountain ranges from Santa Barbara to the Oregon border.
The federal government primarily handles firefighting at higher elevations, while local agencies are responsible for urban and suburban firefighting.
The department's survey of departing employees supports the union's complaint that there is a sizable exodus for better-paying jobs, although state officials could not immediately say whether vacancy or departure rates were higher than in previous years.
State firefighters' duties have changed as they try to protect an increasing number of rural homes built in the midst of tinder-dry brush and trees, said University of California, Riverside, professor Richard Minnich, who studies fire ecology.
"Maybe people are leaving because it's too damn dangerous," he said. "In urban firefighting, not only are the hours more reasonable, but they're also looking mostly at single-structure events."
Meanwhile, a growing wildfire in central California had charred nearly 50 square miles by Monday.
Nearly 1,900 structures were threatened by a blaze in coastal San Luis Obispo and Monterey counties, where more than 2,400 people were under evacuation orders.
The fire was 35 percent contained after destroying 34 homes and 14 other buildings.
Another fire farther south, in Santa Barbara County, had burned nearly 37 square miles and was 20 percent contained. Eight Arkansas Forestry Commission wildland firefighters were part of a crew being sent to help fight that fire.
Information for this article was contributed by staff members of The Associated Press and by staff members of the Arkansas Democrat-Gazette.
A Section on 08/23/2016