Auto, high-tech sectors in car clash

Which gets spectrum: Faster Wi-Fi or talking vehicles?

A pedestrian passes in front of a vehicle in this file photo taken during a demonstration at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Mich.
A pedestrian passes in front of a vehicle in this file photo taken during a demonstration at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Mich.

WASHINGTON -- Cars that wirelessly communicate with one another are finally ready for the road, automakers and government officials say.

The technology has the potential to help reduce traffic accidents, improve the safety of self-driving cars and someday maybe even help solve traffic jams.

But there's a catch. The cable television and high-tech industries want to take away a large share of the radio airwaves the government dedicated for transportation in 1999 and use it instead for superfast Wi-Fi service. Auto industry officials are fighting to hang on to as much of the spectrum as they can, saying they expect they will ultimately need all of it for the new vehicle-to-vehicle communications, or V2V.

The government and the auto industry have spent more than a decade and more than $1 billion researching and testing vehicle communication technology. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration is expected to propose as early as next month that new cars and trucks come equipped with it. General Motors isn't waiting for the proposal, saying it will include the technology in Cadillac CTS sedans before the end of the year.

"We're losing 35,000 people every year [to traffic crashes]," said Harry Lightsey, a General Motors lobbyist. "This technology has the power to dramatically reduce that. To me, the ability of somebody to download movies or search the Internet or whatever should be secondary to that."

The fight pits two government agencies against each other: the Federal Communications Commission, which regulates spectrum and sympathizes with Wi-Fi proponents, and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, which regulates auto safety and has long made the vehicle communication technology a top priority. The White House, which is reviewing the safety agency's proposal to require the technology in new cars, is caught between two of its goals: greater auto safety and faster wireless service.

With vehicle communication technology, cars and trucks wirelessly transmit their locations, speed, direction and other information ten times per second. That lets cars detect when another vehicle is about to run a red light, is braking hard or is coming around a blind turn in time for the driver or, in the case of self-driving cars, for the vehicle itself to take action to prevent a crash.

The range is up to about 1,000 yards in all directions, even when sight is blocked by buildings or other obstacles. That gives the technology the advantage of being able to detect a potential collision before the driver can see the threat, unlike the sensors and cameras of self-driving cars that sense what's immediately around the vehicle.

In May, a Tesla Model S sedan in "autopilot" mode crashed into the side of a tractor-trailer that was making a left turn, killing the Tesla driver and drawing attention to the limitations of self-driving technology. The accident is still under investigation, but auto industry experts say that if the two vehicles had been equipped with the new communication system, the crash likely would have been avoided.

The government estimates that vehicle-to-vehicle communication could eventually prevent or mitigate more than 80 percent of collisions that don't involve a driver impaired by drugs or alcohol.

Ultimately, self-driving cars also equipped with such a system may be the answer to traffic congestion because they'll be able to synchronize their movements, industry officials say, so that they can merge seamlessly and travel in long, closely packed caravans at higher speeds. That would improve traffic flow and increase highway capacity. Cars will also communicate with traffic signals to make intersections more efficient.

"It's these two technologies converging together that get you to the self-driving utopia that we're all shooting for," said Hilary Cain, Toyota Motor's technology and innovation policy director.

Those who want more of the airwaves for Wi-Fi say that with self-driving cars on the horizon to eliminate human errors, the safety benefits of vehicle-to-vehicle communication are less important. They point out that it could be more than 20 years before the full benefits of the new systems are realized, because it takes decades for the automotive fleet to be completely replaced.

FCC Commissioner Jessica Rosenworcel derided vehicle-to-vehicle as a turn-of-the-century technology at a forum on the matter earlier this year, saying it's time to put the spectrum reserved for auto safety to better use.

As the airwaves grow more congested with traffic such as video chat and streaming, new, unreserved swaths of spectrum are seen as key to creating the "wider pipe" needed to meet demand.

Automakers say they're willing to share the spectrum, but only if it won't cause vehicle-to-vehicle signals to be dropped or slowed. The safety signals need to transmit 10 times faster than a typical cellphone call and be 100 percent reliable. The FCC plans to test proposals to share the airwaves.

Meanwhile, faster-wireless supporters have petitioned the FCC for an emergency order to put off using vehicle-to-vehicle in the contested spectrum until cybersecurity standards are developed. Automakers contend that such safeguards already are built in.

Business on 08/26/2016

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