SEOUL, South Korea -- The U.N. Security Council on Sunday strongly condemned North Korea's launch of a long-range rocket that world leaders denounced as a banned test of dangerous ballistic missile technology and another "intolerable provocation." The U.N.'s most powerful body pledged to quickly adopt a new resolution with "significant" new sanctions.
North Korea's leader Kim Jong Un went ahead with the launch just two hours after an eight-day window opened early Sunday and a month after the country's fourth nuclear test. He ignored an appeal from China, its neighbor and important ally, not to proceed and in another slap to Beijing, he chose the eve of the Chinese New Year, the country's most important holiday.
South Korea's Defense Ministry said a South Korean naval vessel fired five shots into the water as a warning today when a North Korean patrol boat briefly moved south of the countries' disputed boundary line in the Yellow Sea.
Since the Jan. 6 nuclear test, which the North claimed was a powerful hydrogen bomb but experts believe was not, China and the United States have been negotiating the text of a new Security Council sanctions resolution.
The U.S., backed by its Western allies, Japan and South Korea, wants tough sanctions reflecting Kim's defiance of the Security Council. But diplomats say China, the North's key protector in the council, is reluctant to impose economic measures that could cause North Korea's economy to collapse.
The 15-member Security Council strongly condemned the launch and pledged to "expeditiously" adopt a new resolution with "further significant measures" -- U.N. code for sanctions. The word "robust" referring to the measures was in an initial draft, but was dropped in the final statement.
U.S. Ambassador Samantha Power told reporters that "it cannot be business as usual" after two successive North Korean acts that are "hostile and illegal."
"What's important is that the Security Council unites," Power said. "China is a critical player. ... We are hopeful that China, like all council members, will see the grave threat to regional and international peace and security, see the importance of adopting tough, unprecedented measures, breaking new ground here, exceeding the expectations of Kim Jong Un."
However, China's U.N. ambassador, Liu Jieyi, made clear that unprecedented sanctions aren't Beijing's priority.
He said a new resolution should "do the work of reducing tension, of working toward denuclearization [of the Korean Peninsula], of maintaining peace and stability, and of encouraging a negotiated solution."
"I believe the council needs to work together for a new resolution," Liu added, indicating that China may want negotiations with the United States to be widened.
Russia's U.N. ambassador, Vitaly Churkin, whose country is also a North Korean ally, said, "It has to be a weighty resolution, but it also has to be a reasonable resolution" that doesn't lead to North Korea's economic or humanitarian collapse, or further heighten tensions.
Russia's goal is to see six-party talks aimed at denuclearization resume, he said, but in the current atmosphere that's unlikely because the North Koreans "have been very unreasonable" and are challenging the entire international community.
"We think this is wrong for their national interests ... for the Korean Peninsula ... for the region," Churkin said.
"It's a bad result, it's a humiliation," said Cheng Xiaohe, an associate professor of international relations at Renmin University. "I think Kim Jong Un made many mistakes, and this is one of his major mistakes." Even so, he added, "It's hard to say what different approach China will take."
North Korea, which calls its launches part of a peaceful space program, said it had successfully put a new Earth observation satellite, the Kwangmyongsong 4, or Shining Star 4, into orbit less than 10 minutes after liftoff, and vowed more such launches. A U.S. official said it might take days to assess whether the launch was a success. South Korea's National Intelligence Service said the launch indicated that North Korea had made some technological advances toward its assumed goal of pursuing an intercontinental ballistic missile.
Japan's U.N. ambassador, Motohide Yoshikawa, told reporters the missile went over Japan and landed near the Philippines, "a clear threat to the lives of many people."
The Security Council underscored that launches using ballistic-missile technology, "even if characterized as a satellite launch or space launch vehicle," contribute to North Korea's development of systems to deliver nuclear weapons and violate four Security Council resolutions dating back to the North's first nuclear test in 2006.
A new resolution may be readied in the next few days, Venezuela's U.N. Ambassador Rafael Ramirez, the council president for February, told reporters -- although Russia's Churkin suggested some disagreements persist. "We are not there yet," he said.
The Obama administration's push for tougher punishment from the U.N. has run into resistance from China, which sees the Thaad missile-defense system that the U.S. and South Korea are discussing as a threat that could be used against its own missiles.
"What is at stake here after outrageous provocation is the future of the proliferation regime that we patiently built together over the last decades," Francois Delattre, France's ambassador to the U.N., said at the emergency security council meeting. "That's why weakness is simply not an option."
North Korean rocket and nuclear tests are seen as crucial steps toward the North's ultimate goal of a nuclear-armed missile that could hit the U.S. mainland. North Korea under Kim Jong Un has pledged to bolster its nuclear arsenal unless Washington scraps what Pyongyang calls a hostile policy meant to collapse Kim's government.
In a statement, North Korea's National Aerospace Development Administration, in typical propaganda-laden language, praised "the fascinating vapor of Juche satellite trailing in the clear and blue sky in spring of February on the threshold of the Day of the Shining Star." Juche is a North Korean philosophy focusing on self-reliance; the Day of the Shining Star refers to the Feb. 16 birthday of Kim Jong Un's father, former dictator Kim Jong Il. North Korea has previously staged rocket launches to mark important anniversaries.
The global condemnation began almost immediately.
South Korean President Park Geun-hye called the launch an "intolerable provocation," saying the North's efforts to advance its missile capabilities were "all about maintaining the regime" in Pyongyang and ignored the hardships of ordinary North Koreans.
Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe vowed to "take action to totally protect the safety and well-being of our people." U.S. national security adviser Susan Rice called the North's missile and nuclear weapons programs "serious threats to our interests -- including the security of some of our closest allies."
U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry called the foreign ministers of South Korea and Japan and reaffirmed the United States' "ironclad commitment to the security and defense" of its allies, the State Department said.
The Foreign Ministry in China expressed "regret that, disregarding the opposition from the international community, the [North] side obstinately insisted in carrying out a launch by using ballistic missile technologies."
China also counseled calm and cautious action, a tone that drew immediate ridicule from users of the Chinese social media site Weibo.
Despite China's frustration with Kim, it will probably continue to put up with his behavior, said Shi Yinhong, a professor of international relations at Renmin University.
China is afraid of turning its recalcitrant ally into a worrisome enemy, he said.
Kim Jong Un has overseen two of the North's four nuclear tests and three long-range rocket launches since taking over after the death of his father in late 2011. The U.N. Security Council prohibits North Korea from nuclear and ballistic missile activity.
"If North Korea has only nuclear weapons, that's not that intimidating. If they have only rockets, that's not that intimidating, either. But if they have both of them, that means they can attack any target on Earth. So it becomes a global issue," said Kwon Sejin, a professor at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology.
Information for this article was contributed by Foster Klug, Edith M. Lederer, Hyung-jin Kim, Kim Tong-hyung, Yuri Kageyama, Eric Talmadge, Lolita Baldor, Louise Watt of The Associated Press; Jane Perlez and Choe Sang-Hun of The New York Times; Kambiz Foroohar, Sam Kim and Moonyoung Tae of Bloomberg News.
A Section on 02/08/2016