WYALUSING, Pa. -- In Pennsylvania and other gas-producing states, as well as Arkansas, landowners are bitterly disputing the sums that some drillers have been taking from royalty checks already severely diminished by a collapse in prices.
Chesapeake Energy Corp. is facing royalty lawsuits in Texas, Ohio, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Arkansas and Pennsylvania -- including one filed by the Pennsylvania attorney general -- and says it has received subpoenas from the U.S. Justice Department, the U.S. Postal Service and states over its royalty practices.
The deductions' effect is especially acute in Pennsylvania, where gas extracted from the Marcellus Shale, the nation's largest natural gas field, has been selling at a steeper discount than anywhere else in the country. Some landowners have seen their royalty checks dwindle to nothing at all, despite a 1979 state law that mandates a landowner royalty of at least 12.5 percent of the value of the gas. In rare cases, landowners have even gotten statements with negative balances.
"This is robbery," declared Bradford County Commissioner Doug McLinko, an ardent supporter of gas drilling who has nevertheless found himself at war with the industry. "People up here are fighting mad."
Energy companies have sunk more than 1,000 wells in McLinko's rural county since 2009. In the early years of the fracking boom, royalties could amount to tens of thousands of dollars per month. The money helped save many family farms.
Then prices tumbled, the wells began producing less gas as they aged, and residents began taking a closer look at their shrunken checks. Many of them didn't like what they saw: huge deductions for the cost of getting the gas from well to market.
Charlene and John Tewksbury, who own a dairy farm, said that for every $1.20 their gas fetched this year, Chesapeake has been taking about $1.15 in deductions. They figure the deductions have totaled $277,000 since their wells began producing gas in 2011 -- cash they want back.
"It's a lot of money. It could have done something in this state, but, instead, Chesapeake kept it," Charlene Tewksbury said.
Chesapeake did not respond to questions about its practice of taking deductions, but said in a statement that it has been working with the Pennsylvania attorney general's office and class-action plaintiffs on a "global resolution" of the royalty dispute. A mediation session is scheduled for Oct. 25.
The disagreement centers on how the gas should be valued for royalty purposes.
Landowners contend they're entitled to 12.5 percent of whatever the gas sells for, citing the state's minimum royalty law and the gas companies' own sales pitches that induced landowners to sign drilling leases. Drillers say the royalty is properly calculated based on the market price, minus post-production deductions for transportation and processing, a method permitted in most states.
In 2010, the state Supreme Court sided with the gas companies -- but also noted that state lawmakers are "best suited" to deciding how the royalties should be paid.
Lawmakers have scheduled a procedural vote for Tuesday on a bill in the Pennsylvania House that would prevent deductions from reducing landowner royalties to below the 12.5 percent state minimum. The gas industry has been lobbying against it, asserting it would unconstitutionally interfere with tens of thousands of existing private contracts. Any contractual disputes should be decided in the courts, not through legislation, the drillers argue.
"We understand and share the frustration being voiced by some mineral owners," Marcellus Shale Coalition spokesman Erica Clayton Wright said in a statement, but added that landowners and drillers both "share in the success and challenges that the market brings."
With deductions now reducing landowners' royalty payments by 80 percent or more, the issue has reached a boil.
Jan Brown, a 59-year-old landowner who relies on royalties as his sole source of income, produced a statement showing that Oklahoma City-based Chesapeake siphoned about $17,608 worth of gas from his 240-acre property, for $2,201 in royalties in accordance with the 12.5 percent minimum -- but paid him only $359 after taking deductions for transportation and processing.
The documents show an effective royalty rate of just 2 percent, while another company that owns a portion of his lease, Statoil, took no deductions at all and gave him the full 12.5 percent.
He said he recently called Chesapeake and told them to take his wells offline.
"I'm not against the gas companies. I just want them to treat us fair," Brown said. "They made a promise; I expect them to live up to the promise."
A Section on 09/26/2016