Last year marked the 20th anniversary of the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program. This law, commonly called TANF, was historic because through it, for the first time in modern history, a social welfare program was reformed so that it would actually help recipients move up the economic ladder.
Its goal was not only to provide fiscal assistance, but to help people find jobs and gain skills to increase their long-term employability. Within 10 years of reform, TANF helped more than 2.7 million families move into jobs and toward self-sufficiency. No other social welfare reform has seen this kind of success.
Over the years, however, the original work requirement embedded in TANF has been eroded. States have found loopholes and claim credit for placing people in jobs when all they have really done is game the system.
Regulations passed during the Obama administration shrank the work requirement by allowing states to receive credit for work simply by spending more of their own state dollars on social services. They also allow states to claim credit for efforts by nonprofits and other groups to aid the poor.
Furthermore, the Obama administration sought to, in effect, eliminate the work requirement by allowing states a waiver if they had an "alternative" plan to promote work and job preparation. By using multiple loopholes, states have artificially inflated their work rates, which explains recent gains in this measurement.
It is clear that states are doing the bare minimum to engage able-bodied adults in finding employment. This is a far cry from the initial reaction states had to the new TANF law in 1996.
At first they stepped up to the plate and met the challenge by turning social workers into job-assistance managers. They found employers in their states and contracted with them to provide skill-training and employment opportunities. They also contracted with well-respected nonprofit entities, such as the Salvation Army, to help find jobs for their able-bodied beneficiaries, including those with mild disabilities.
It is time to right this ship and correct its course. Any TANF reauthorization should close the loopholes in the work requirement, rescind the Obama-era anti-work provisions, and put stronger work requirements in place, requiring nearly all able-bodied adults to perform at least some kind of work or job-preparation activity.
Further, the example of the TANF work requirement should be expanded and replicated throughout the federal welfare system, which now extends to over 80 other means-tested programs. Their goals should not simply be to provide some kind of temporary aid, such as food stamps, but rather to help individuals and families move toward economic freedom and employment.
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Katherine Bradley is a visiting research fellow and Robert Rector is a senior research fellow in the Institute for Family, Community, and Opportunity at The Heritage Foundation.
Editorial on 08/07/2017