Eight states, cities or localities have recently passed legislation banning all employers from asking one particularly awkward question of prospective workers: How much did you make in your last job?
But according to a new survey by the executive search and consulting firm Korn Ferry, employees well beyond those locations soon might not have to answer the question. Nearly half of the 108 companies surveyed, or 46 percent, said they would comply with the legal requirements in the most stringent location where they operate, meaning workers well outside of Massachusetts, California or Oregon might no longer be asked about their salary history during job negotiations even if their local jurisdictions do not pass similar laws. Only 32 percent said they would comply as each region requires, while 11 percent said their operations were not affected and another 11 percent said they were unsure.
Tom McMullen, a senior client partner for Korn Ferry, said that while some firms are being advised to maintain separate policies, "that gets messy really quick." Workplace-related laws that start in local jurisdictions often spread to others, he said, because multistate or national companies decide that having a single policy rather than a patchwork of practices is simpler.
"There will be a tipping point, if it's not there already, where this will become the de facto way of handling this in this country," McMullen said. For many companies, having a blanket policy "is easier administratively." (The National Women's Law Center reports that a few more states are expected to pass similar prohibitions this year. Other jurisdictions have passed measures only for public employees, and a version was introduced in Congress last year. Philadelphia's measure has faced a legal challenge.)
Yet even if companies are adopting the measures more broadly, they do not seem convinced that they will work as intended. The aim of many of the measures may have been to help close the gender pay gap -- the idea being that if employers do not set new wages on the basis of past compensation, one low salary or poorly negotiated job offer early on in her career won't set a woman back for years to come. But some two-thirds of those surveyed said they thought the measures would not, or would only to a small extent, improve any pay differentials that exist.
The likely reason, McMullen said, is that employers either already feel they have the rigorous pay systems in place to monitor for pay equality, or because the actual gap between male and female employees' pay at the company -- accounting for position, experience, job level and the like -- is only in the single digits.
"For those that already have decent processes in place, it probably is a nonevent," he said, noting that the survey skewed to larger companies. "The biggest difference it'll make is in those organizations that have a 'let's make a deal' culture" and do not rely as much on market data to set workers' pay or have less rigorous ways of analyzing whether they are paying workers fairly.
The survey also showed that many employers do not seem prepared for the new laws, many of which take effect next year, although some have a grace period before penalties for noncompliance kick in. Almost a third said they are not prepared for the legislation, while 44 percent said they had made "some preparations." Just 5 percent said it was already their practice not to ask about a candidate's pay history.
The survey did not ask what impact the new laws could have on payroll budgets or salary size overall. While the salary-question bans, often part of "pay equity" or "pay transparency" bills, may have generated attention for their potential role in closing the gap, other employees could benefit, too. More market-based approaches to wage setting -- where employers compensate workers on the basis of the needs of and competition for the job, rather than the history of the person -- could help any prospective employee who worries that he or she has been paid too little in the past. (Discussions about salary expectations, rather than history, are expected to still pass muster.)
Jonathan Segal, an employment lawyer based in Philadelphia, said the bans could be particularly relevant for older workers, too. Someone who has been working for more years and may be looking to scale back to a less demanding job -- or workers eager to get back into the workforce after being out of a job and willing to work for less -- could be subject to implicit bias when asked about their past pay, he said.
"Eliminating the question may help not only eliminate the pay gap for women," he said, "but may help older employees who are being excluded because employers think they won't be happy working for less."
He also sees employers adopting the ban even in areas where it is not required. "I see a significant number of employers that are voluntarily omitting this from their application," he said, "even in absence of legal mandate."
Business on 11/17/2017