VIENNA -- OPEC ended a meeting Thursday without striking a deal to reduce oil output and without any clear sign one would be reached when officials from the organization, Russia and other oil producers reconvene today.
Saudi Arabia's energy minister, Khalid al-Falih, told reporters he was "not confident" an agreement that would keep supply and demand in balance was within reach.
Al-Falih had said Thursday morning that "all options" were on the table, but that a reduction of 1 million barrels a day -- roughly 1 percent of the global oil supply -- would be "adequate" to balance the markets. He said he had heard a range of numbers discussed, from 500,000 to 1.5 million barrels a day.
Ann-Louise Hittle, an analyst at the market research firm Wood Mackenzie, said that it was not surprising for the group to fall short of a deal on its first day of meeting.
"They faced a lot of complicated issues," she said.
The failure to secure a deal is the latest example of how OPEC is under pressure from forces that are redrawing the global oil map, leaving it increasingly dependent on the support of nonmember Russia. In a striking development, the U.S. government revealed last week that it turned into a net exporter of petroleum for the first time in 75 years thanks to the shale boom, a notable, if potentially fleeting, distinction.
As ministers sat down at OPEC headquarters, Russian Energy Minister Alexander Novak flew to St. Petersburg to meet President Vladimir Putin to decide on their country's contribution. If the group's most important partner in the OPEC+ alliance decides to make a sizable cut, the cartel would follow up.
Al-Falih, whose country represents 12 percent of global oil output, said he had met Wednesday with U.S. special envoy Brian Hook. He said Hook had "refrained" from asking the Saudis not to cut production, but quickly added, "I don't need permission to cut."
The two men discussed several issues, including Washington's plans to carry out sanctions on Iran.
OPEC has been under competing pressures lately.
On one hand, the world is widely viewed as having an oil glut substantial enough to justify a cut in production. Such a move would prop up prices, which have tumbled since reaching about $76 a barrel for West Texas intermediate crude, the U.S. benchmark, in early October.
Prices fell again Thursday. West Texas crude dipped 2.6 percent to settle at $51.49 a barrel in New York. Brent crude, the international benchmark, dropped about 2.4 percent to close at $60.06.
As low as prices have gotten, President Donald Trump is pressing OPEC, and Saudi Arabia in particular, to maintain production levels to keep them down for U.S. consumers. Trump used Twitter on Wednesday to show that he was paying attention to the talks.
"Hopefully OPEC will be keeping oil flows as is" he wrote in one post. "The World does not want to see, or need, higher oil prices!"
The president's attempts to intervene in OPEC deliberations create a quandary for the Saudis, whose role in setting production levels and influencing the markets makes them key decision makers at OPEC.
"The Saudis have many constituencies to please, some of them contradictory," said Roger Diwan, a vice president for oil market strategy at the research firm IHS Markit. "The tweeting takes away their ability to communicate effectively."
In normal times, analysts said, there would be little hesitation to cut supplies. But these are not normal times.
"This is one of the strangest OPEC meetings I can remember," Jim Krane, an energy fellow at the Baker Institute at Rice University said Wednesday. "Balancing the oil market is taking a back seat to political intrigues involving Saudi Arabia and Donald Trump."
"It's like there's a Trump-caricature Thanksgiving parade balloon hanging outside OPEC headquarters," he added.
Tensions also are emerging within OPEC. Qatar, which has long been part of a bloc of Gulf Arab states supporting the Saudis, said Monday that it would leave the oil cartel next year to focus on developing natural gas. It hinted that the decision was motivated partly by frustration over the Saudis' dominance of oil policy.
Iran, Saudi Arabia's long-standing rival in OPEC, is a complicating factor. The Iranians reacted angrily to news reports of Hook's presence in Vienna. The diplomat has been traveling the world to build support for America's latest sanctions against Iran.
The Iranian oil minister, Bijan Zanganeh, criticized Hook's discussions as "unprofessional" and "interfering," according to the Iranian news agency IRNA, and said that OPEC was an independent body that did not take orders from the United States, which is not a member.
Zanganeh also told reporters before the beginning of the meeting Thursday that Iran would not accept a cut beyond what was already being reduced by sanctions.
Saudi Arabia, the world's largest exporter, and Russia, which also produces about 12 percent of the world output, increasingly see their interests aligned. Production cuts in late 2016 lifted prices to the point that Saudi Arabia and Russia were persuaded in June to open up the taps. The move was partly a response to Trump's complaints at the time about rising prices.
"What this confirms is that you need to have Russia in place to have a credible deal," Diwan said.
Information for this article was contributed by Stanley Reed of The New York Times and by Javier Blas, Salma El Wardany and Elena Mazneva of Bloomberg News.
Business on 12/07/2018