Amazon now looks to advertising influx to pump up profits

For more than two decades, Jeff Bezos has famously sacrificed profit for growth, persuading Wall Street that Amazon.com Inc. was best served pouring money into the logistical nuts and bolts that have turned his company into the Wal-Mart of the internet.

More recently, investors have found solace in the company's profitable cloud services business, which has helped offset losses in e-commerce. Still, for the past five years Amazon's average profit margins have languished at about 1 percent.

Now along comes a business that could generate consistent and healthy returns: It's called advertising. Over the past several years, Bezos & Co. have quietly put together the pieces for a marketing platform that lets Amazon make money from the sheer size of its audience.

Having bet on Amazon cloud services and pushed the shares past $1,300, investors are now salivating about the ad business, which doesn't require big investments in new data centers or shipping hubs and generates fat margins. Last week, BMO Capital Markets raised its Amazon price target to $1,600 a share, based largely on the growth of the ad business. Some analysts are predicting Amazon will reach $2,000, making it the first company with a $1 trillion market value.

"Advertising is the most profitable business in the world," said Jay Kahn, a partner at Light Street Capital, who notes that Chinese e-commerce giant Alibaba Group Holding Ltd. gets more than half its revenue from ads. "For Amazon, advertising is going to be more profitable than its cloud business." Amazon declined to comment.

For years, Amazon kept advertising on the site subtle for fear of alienating shoppers who had become used to choosing what to buy based largely on customer reviews and price. Amazon has been slowly giving more prominent placement to sponsored products in search results, forcing brands to buy ads to win top billing. It's easy to see why. By 2021, advertising on websites and mobile devices will account for half of all ad spending in the U.S., capturing greater share than television, radio, newspapers and billboards combined, according to EMarketer Inc.

So far, that shift that has mostly benefited Google and Facebook. By contrast, Amazon has a tiny advertising business that last year generated $1.7 billion in revenue, according to EMarketer, compared with Google's $35 billion and Facebook's $17.4 billion. But it's growing quickly because companies like Procter & Gamble and Mondelez see Amazon as the place to win the "digital shelf" in the same way they fought to win the physical shelf in supermarkets.

Amazon has an advertising platform no other company can match: an internet store selling hundreds of millions of products combined with a streaming entertainment service and a trove of data about customer preferences. Amazon attracts 180 million U.S. visitors each month -- all or most with shopping on their mind. And as more people shop on smartphones, they're skipping search engines like Google for Amazon's mobile app.

Advertisers are paying attention.

Just as big brands pressed their ad agencies a few years ago to devise plans to get the best bang for the ad buck with Google and Facebook, they're now demanding an "Amazon strategy." In November, ad giant Omnicom Group set up a specialized operation just to direct ad dollars to e-commerce, particularly Amazon, which has forced consumer brands to re-evaluate marketing decisions.

"It's wreaking havoc on traditional retail models," said George Manas, president of Omnicom's Resolution Performance Media.

In negotiations with advertisers, Amazon bills itself as a better advertising investment than Google's search engine and Facebook's social media platform since people on Amazon are looking to buy, according to three people familiar with the negotiations.

"Similar to the candy and magazine racks, which are the most valuable space in the store, Amazon is the most valuable space on the Web because you are at the very bottom of the funnel," said Scott Galloway, a marketing professor at New York University's Stern School of Business and author of The Four: The Hidden DNA of Amazon, Apple, Facebook and Google. "Not only are people about to make a purchase, but you know what's in their basket. It's hard to imagine a more target-rich medium than Amazon or robust offering."

Amazon advertisements also offer real-time insights into how a marketing campaign is performing, a process that typically takes weeks when using traditional methods like TV commercials or coupons.

"You can put a sale on Amazon and see relatively quickly if there's an uptick," said Neil Ackerman, a former Amazon and Mondelez executive who leads innovation for Johnson & Johnson's global supply chain. "Amazon realizes it can use this to grow ad revenue and it can charge more because it provides instant results."

Big packaged-goods companies are signing on.

Executives see Amazon as the future way to reach shoppers and are shifting spending from traditional advertising channels to cement their place with Amazon.

Even though Amazon has small grocery market share, brands think the next few years are critical because once shoppers establish regular shopping lists online, it will be hard to woo them back. Big grocery brands and manufacturers spend $225 million on advertising and in-store promotions each year, with more money shifting to digital advertisements, according to Cadent Consulting Group. Grocery chains have been mired in a sales slump for years as consumers change shopping and eating habits; having an Amazon strategy helps them signal to Wall Street they're keeping pace with the changes.

"Grocery manufacturers and brands are shifting money because they don't want to lose on Amazon," said Guru Hariharan, a former Amazon executive and CEO of Boomerang Commerce, which makes software that help brands sell online. "You cannot lose the Amazon battle and hope to survive over the next 10 years."

Information for this article was contributed by Mark Gurman and by Craig Giammona of Bloomberg News.

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