WASHINGTON -- President Donald Trump said Thursday that he will impose tariffs on imported steel and aluminum in a major escalation of his trade offensive, disappointing Republican congressional leaders and inviting retaliation by U.S. trading partners.
Speaking at the White House, the president said he has decided on tariffs of 25 percent for foreign-made steel and 10 percent for aluminum.
"We'll be imposing tariffs on steel imports and tariffs on aluminum imports," the president said. "You will have protection for the first time in a long while, and you're going to regrow your industries."
Investors appeared shaken by the news. The Dow Jones industrial average fell around 586 points, a loss of 2 percent, in early-afternoon trading before closing 420 points lower for the day.
The announcement capped an on-again, off-again episode, with the president initially expected to announce the trade action on Thursday morning only to cancel after fierce push-back from opponents. Staff members in the White House scrambled Thursday morning to explain what was happening with the expected announcement, ducking in and out of offices in the West Wing as they sought information about the president's plans.
Trump acted after a determination by the Commerce Department that rising import volumes threatened U.S. national security.
The president's move, relying upon a little-used provision of U.S. trade law, is expected to trigger immediate legal challenges by U.S. trading partners at the World Trade Organization and invite retaliation against American exports.
Trump also turned back pleas from companies that are heavy users of steel and aluminum, including automakers and makers of canned beverages and candy, who warn that higher prices will hurt their sales and potentially lead to layoffs. In 2002, the last time the United States imposed steel tariffs, steel users blamed the measures for the loss of up to 200,000 jobs.
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Sen. Roy Blunt, R-Mo., a member of the Republican leadership, said before the announcement that he feared the tariffs will hurt companies in his home state.
"I continue to be concerned about what other countries do in response to that," Blunt said. "In our state, we make steel and aluminum, but we continue to buy a lot more than we make. Things like sheet aluminum that you use to make boats with -- we make a lot of boats -- it's not available in the United States."
The measures will level the unfair playing field that has persisted for years and make it easier for American companies to expand and hire workers, Trump said.
A spokesman for U.S. Rep. Rick Crawford, R-Ark., said Crawford was eager to hear the details of the announcement. The congressman appreciates Trump's sensitivity to the way trade agreements can affect rural communities like those in Arkansas' 1st Congressional District, the spokesman said.
The 1st Congressional District, which Crawford represents, is a major steel producer. The Nucor-Yamato Steel Co. operates a structural-steel mill near Blytheville. Nucor Steel Arkansas has another in the area. Last year, Big River Steel opened a $1.2 billion mill in Osceola.
White House press secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders said Trump's decision "shouldn't come as a surprise to anyone."
Sanders said Trump has been talking about it "for decades." She said the president is acting out of concern about Americans "who have been forgotten."
Sanders declined to provide details on the tariffs, such as whether any U.S. trading partners might be exempted from the penalties.
"As a key NORAD and NATO ally, and as the number one customer of American steel, Canada would view any trade restrictions on Canadian steel and aluminum as absolutely unacceptable," Canadian Foreign Minister Chrystia Freeland said in a statement Thursday.
"Any restrictions would harm workers, the industry and manufacturers on both sides of the border. The steel and aluminum industry is highly integrated and supports critical North American manufacturing supply chains. The Canadian government will continue to make this point directly with the American administration at all levels," Freeland said.
She added: "The United States has a $2-billion surplus in steel trade with Canada. Canada buys more American steel than any other country in the world, accounting for 50 percent of U.S. exports."
The United States already has 169 trade taxes in place on various types of imported steel, including 29 on Chinese products. Some of the nation's largest steel-makers, which sought the new tariffs, also are in good shape financially. Nucor reported a $1.1 billion profit last year.
"Import taxes on steel and aluminum will raise the prices of those products, which in turn will raise the price of doing business for U.S. manufacturers," said economist Christine McDaniel of George Mason University's Mercatus Center. "There are more people in U.S. manufacturing sectors that rely on steel than there are in the U.S. steel industry. In terms of the economics, the trade-off does not make sense."
Trump announced the tariffs even as a top Chinese economic official was in Washington for talks aimed at forestalling a possible trade war. Liu He, one of Chinese President Xi Jinping's closest aides, is scheduled to meet with senior administration officials in a bid to restart a direct economic dialogue that lagged last year.
Trump met with more than a dozen executives, including representatives from U.S. Steel Corp., Arcelor Mittal, Nucor, JW Aluminum and Century Aluminum. The industry leaders urged Trump to act, saying they had been unfairly hurt by a glut of imports.
The tariff episode came one day after the Trump administration warned that it would vigorously defend U.S. national interests against "hostile" powers such as China and Russia, vowing to use "all available tools" to combat unfair practices.
"Countries that refuse to give us reciprocal treatment or who engage in other unfair trading practices will find that we know how to defend our interests," said the annual report to Congress on the president's trade agenda.
On Thursday, China's Foreign Ministry repeated its government's objections. "The United States is disregarding the rules of the WTO, and China is dissatisfied with this," spokesman Hua Chunying said at a regular news conference.
She said such measures would affect employment in the United States and affect the interests of U.S. consumers. "As for the actions of the United States, China will take proper measures to safeguard its legitimate rights and interests."
Trump's desire for wholesale change in U.S. trade policy has met with increasing resistance from congressional Republicans as well as the business community, normally a reliable GOP ally.
"The president is proposing a massive tax increase on American families. Protectionism is weak, not strong," said Sen. Ben Sasse of Nebraska. "You'd expect a policy this bad from a leftist administration, not a supposedly Republican one."
Republican Sen. Pat Roberts of Kansas, chairman of the Senate Agriculture Committee, said that "every time you do this, you get a retaliation and agriculture is the No. 1 target."
Despite the president's claims of progress, he has little to show for some of his central promises after more than a year in the White House. Though he promised to narrow the yawning U.S. trade deficit, it reached $566 billion last year, a 12.1 percent increase over 2016 and the highest mark in nine years.
The U.S. deficit with China last year hit a record $375 billion, the Commerce Department said last month.
Information for this article was contributed by David J. Lynch, Damian Paletta and Erica Werner of The Washington Post; by Ken Thomas and Paul Wiseman of The Associated Press; by Joe Deaux, Andrew Mayeda and Toluse Olorunnipa of Bloomberg News; and by Frank E. Lockwood of the Arkansas Democrat-Gazette.
A Section on 03/02/2018