SINGAPORE -- New Islamic criminal laws that took effect Wednesday in Brunei that punish gay sex and adultery by stoning offenders to death have triggered an outcry from countries, rights groups and celebrities far beyond the tiny Southeast Asian nation's shores.
The penalties were provided for under new sections of Brunei's Shariah Penal Code. Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah instituted the code in 2014 to bolster the influence of Islam in the oil-rich monarchy of around 430,000 people, two-thirds of whom are Muslim.
Even before 2014, homosexuality was already punishable in Brunei by a jail term of up to 10 years. The first stage of the Shariah Penal Code included fines or jail for offenses such as pregnancy out of wedlock or failing to pray on Fridays.
But under the new laws, those found guilty of gay sex can be stoned to death or whipped. Adulterers risk death by stoning, too, while thieves face amputation of a right hand on their first offense and a left foot on their second. The laws also apply to children and foreigners, even if they are not Muslim.
"Living in Brunei, we already knew that our sexual identity is taboo and should not be expressed. We already felt belittled before the law came to place," said a 23-year-old member of the gay and transgender community who wanted to be identified only as Kun out of fear of reprisal from authorities.
"Now with it, we feel even smaller and the ones who could potentially oppress us have more opportunity to harass us to say and do what they want," he said.
Celebrities including George Clooney, Elton John and Ellen DeGeneres have voiced opposition to the new laws, and have rallied a boycott of nine hotels in the U.S. and Europe with ties to Hassanal, who is still sultan.
"Are we really going to help fund the murder of innocent citizens?" Clooney wrote last Thursday on Deadline Hollywood.
Clooney said that while people can't shame "murderous regimes," people can shame "the banks, the financiers and the institutions that do business with them."
Customers at two prestigious Paris hotels owned by the sultan expressed their support for a boycott.
Outside the Le Meurice hotel, Philippe Menager said he was no longer comfortable going to the spa after being a regular customer for 15 years.
"I can't continue to be a frequent visitor of the hotels of this savage to preserve the jobs of the people who work at Le Meurice -- who are very nice and I like them," he said.
A tourist from Norway, Anja Anderson, said she would have stayed at a hotel other than the Plaza Athenee had she heard about the boycott before making her reservation.
There has been no vocal opposition to the new penalties in Brunei, where the sultan rules as head of state with full executive authority. Public criticism of his policies is extremely rare in the country.
Hassanal, who has reigned since 1967, has previously said the Penal Code should be regarded as a form of "special guidance" from God and would be "part of the great history" of Brunei.
The United Nations said Wednesday that Secretary-General Antonio Guterres "stands clearly against any form of cruel punishment" and believes the Brunei legislation clearly violates the principles "that human rights are to be upheld in relations to every person everywhere without any kind of discrimination."
"So long as people face criminalization, bias and violence based on their sexual orientation, gender identity or sex characteristics, we must redouble our efforts to end these violations," said Guterres' spokesman, Stephane Dujarric. "Everyone is entitled to live free and equal in dignity and rights."
On Tuesday, the United States joined the United Kingdom, Germany and France in urging Brunei to halt its plans.
"The United States strongly opposes violence, criminalization and discrimination targeting vulnerable groups, including women at risk of violence, religious and ethnic minorities, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons," State Department deputy spokesman Robert Palladino said in a statement.
Michelle Bachelet, head of the U.N.'s human-rights agency, urged Brunei's government to "stop the entry into force of this Draconian new penal code."
"Any religion-based legislation must not violate human rights, including the rights of those belonging to the majority religion as well as of religious minorities and non-believers," she said Monday in a statement.
A Section on 04/04/2019