BEIRUT -- Alaa Arnous and his family found the photo of his father Mohammed online last week, the first proof of his fate since he was seized by Syrian government forces seven years ago. The image showed his corpse, his face battered and bruised, his mouth hanging open.
The elder Arnous was among thousands of Syrians who, since their country's civil war began in 2011, disappeared into Syrian government prisons. Survivors and rights groups say thousands more are known to have died under torture.
Anguished relatives are poring over photos of torture victims from Syrian prisons, posted online by activists after the United States imposed heavy new sanctions on the government of Syrian President Bashar Assad last month.
"We were living on hope that he was still alive," Alaa Arnous told The Associated Press from the opposition-held town of al-Tah in northwest Syria as he looked at his father's photo on his smartphone.
"It is terrible when you see the photograph of your father and imagine what the torturers did to him," he said.
The photo is among tens of thousands of images of torture victims smuggled out of Syria in 2013 by a forensic photographer-turned-whistleblower who used the code name Caesar. The photos became public at the time, but most were images of piles of bodies, difficult to identify.
But activists have begun circulating more detailed photos online after the U.S. imposed its new sanctions, named the Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act, after the photographer. The sanctions bar anyone around the world from doing business with Assad's government or officials, and among its provisions it demands Syria release detainees and allow inspections of its prisons.
For Mohammed Arnous' wife, Nadima Hamdan, the impact of the photos was unbearable. She searched for hours through the photos. She not only found her dead husband -- who was arrested in 2013 as he traveled to Lebanon for work -- she also found photos of her brother and nephew.
"May God burn the hearts of those who burned our heart and turned our children to orphans," she said.
Former detainees in Syrian government prisons speak of horrific experiences -- being packed for months or even years in tiny cells, receiving little food and undergoing constant torture.
"There were lots of people who died under torture. I used to be blindfolded but could hear a person tortured next to me taking his last breaths before he dies," said Omar Alshogre, a former Syrian detainee speaking from Sweden, where he now lives.
Alshogre was detained at age 17 along with three of his cousins, two of whom died. He paid his way out of jail after three years in prison. Between 30 and 50 prisoners died every day at the facility where he was held, known as Branch 15, he said.
Alshogre, who testified about his ordeal at the Senate Foreign Relations Committee's hearings on the sanctions in March, said Lebanese and other foreigners -- including Iraqis, Palestinians and Tunisians -- were also held at Branch 15.
The sanctions have also raised hope in neighboring Lebanon that Damascus will be pressured to reveal the fate of hundreds of Lebanese believed abducted by Syria during the years it dominated Lebanon -- from the Lebanese 1975-90 civil war up to 2005. Alshogre's testimony about Lebanese prisoners still alive further fueled their families' demands for information.
According to the Syrian Network for Human Rights, Syrian authorities detained some 1.2 million people since the country's conflict began in March 2011. As of the beginning of June, 12,325 were documented as having died under torture in Syrian government prisons, the group said in a report released late last month.
At least 12,989 are still detained or missing, their fates unknown, according to the report. Another 16,000 are missing in detention by other factions in Syria's war.
