BERLIN -- As nations consider reopening parts of society after locking down because of the coronavirus, Germany has plunged ahead after bringing its outbreak under control, reopening houses of worship and allowing the faithful to gather again in larger numbers.
That decision has had pivotal consequences, with a new cluster of cases emerging: Forty churchgoers tested positive after a May 10 service at a Baptist church, German health authorities said last week. Six parishioners were hospitalized, according to Wladimir Pritzkau, a parish leader.
"We followed all the rules," Pritzkau told the news agency dpa, adding that the church did not know how many people attended the service two weeks ago.
The state of Hesse, where the infections occurred, has been allowing church services under special guidelines, including asking worshippers to keep 5 feet apart and requiring churches to have disinfectant readily available. Now, the church has since moved its weekend services, which are held in German and Russian, back online.
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In the United States, President Donald Trump has pressed state officials to allow church gatherings, declaring religious institutions "essential." The dispute has become part of the nation's culture wars, with critics accusing Trump of playing to his base at a time of eroding support. But some U.S. churches are pushing back on their own against restrictions on in-person worship while others continue to pray over Facebook or YouTube.
In Jerusalem, the Holy Sepulchre church reopened after a two-month lockdown. In the West Bank, protesters May 17 demanded that mosques be reopened for Eid al-Fitr, the festival that marks the conclusion of the Ramadan fasting month.
And in France, the faithful took the first tentative steps to worshipping in groups again after a lockdown, while observing social distancing and wearing masks. The first Mass was Sunday; some small churches reopened the day before. The moves followed a legal challenge to the French government's ban on public worship that was not set to be lifted until the end of May.
"It was a nice surprise," said the Rev. Antoine De Folleville, the parish priest, noting that it had coincided with the celebration of the Ascension of the Lord. "It's a great joy to finally be reunited with our parishioners."
On Sunday, there was a sense of joy and anxiety in the church of Saint-Germain-des-Prés in Paris as Catholic worshippers returned en masse for the first time after a two-month hiatus.
"How should Communion be given?" a woman asked De Folleville. "With pliers?"
"No, we'll wash our hands with alcoholic gel right before taking up the host," said the priest, who was making final preparations before celebrating his first public Mass in 10 weeks.
Austria and Italy also lifted bans on public worship this month. In Spain, houses of worship have progressively reopened since the start of this month, with a limit of one-third or half the full occupancy depending on the provinces. To help reduce the risk of contagion, the Roman Catholic Church in Spain put in place safety measures, including avoiding choir singing because of the difficulty of maintaining safe social distances. But Britain has not yet allowed places of worship to unlock their doors; authorities have said opening with safety measures in place could begin in July.
France is one of the most recent countries in Western Europe to reopen its places of worship, several weeks into the easing of its lockdown. Catholics in the country had long called for the reopening, saying that churches could restart services as soon as proper health precautions were taken. Jews and Muslims in France took a more cautious line, saying that synagogues and mosques were unlikely to reopen until early June.
On Sunday morning, the cobbled forecourt of the church of Saint-Germain-des-Prés in Paris was the scene of a ballet of tentative worshippers, nervously adjusting the masks on their faces as they entered the church, where volunteers in pink fluorescent vests handed out disinfectant gel.
Inside, two of every three seats were marked with a sign forbidding people to sit, to ensure that they kept a safe distance from one another. About 200 people gathered in the church, which can accommodate 800.
"It's like a rebirth to be able to come back here -- it was a real need," said Franck Huillo, 56, adding that he had almost "given up praying during the confinement."
The Rev. Matthieu Rougé, a French bishop who was in charge of coordinating the church reopenings, said that "religions must take their rightful place to contribute to the renewal" of the country after the crisis.
"But we can't live in constant fear," Rougé said, adding that he would see to it that every church that reopened in his diocese complied with health precautions.
"We can't live like this, with the shops full and the churches empty," he said.
He acknowledged that there were fears that churches could turn into new clusters of infection. In mid-February, a large gathering of 2,000 worshippers at an evangelical church in eastern France, the second-most-affected region after Paris, contributed to spreading the virus across the country.
In a recent statement, Chems-Eddine Hafiz, the rector of the Grand Mosque of Paris, said he would continue "to place the health and safety of worshippers above all other considerations," and encouraged Muslims to celebrate Eid at home.
"There was immense pressure," said Khaled Dodeen, the Palestinian Authority's deputy governor of Hebron.
Religion on 05/30/2020