The new Ruth Bader Ginsburg bio-pic On the Basis of Sex was born at a funeral.
The year was 2010: long before the documentary RBG had made its way to theaters. Long before the Supreme Court justice, who is known for her sharply worded dissents, had became a meme with the moniker "Notorious" appended to her initials. And long before Kate McKinnon was even hired by SNL, on which her impersonation of Ginsburg as a dancing trash-talker has become a staple of the show.
Daniel Stiepleman, a nephew of Ginsburg's, recalls sitting at the funeral of Ginsburg's husband, Marty, listening to the eulogies.
Stiepleman -- 29-year-old film school graduate, former Peace Corps volunteer and high school English teacher -- says he hit upon the idea for his first screenplay, when a eulogist stood to speak about the only case that the couple ever argued together: a 1972 appeals-court tax case called Moritz v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue.
"I thought I was going to write the movie that would introduce the country to Ruth Bader Ginsburg," Stiepleman says. Instead, the country beat him to it.
As it turns out, Moritz was no ordinary financial dispute. The petitioner, Charles E. Moritz, had been denied a deduction for expenses incurred in caring for his invalid mother -- a denial based on the assumption that women, not men, would be their parents' caregivers in old age. Through this landmark sex discrimination case, the film burnishes the Ginsburg myth not only by focusing on her fairy-tale marriage, but by showing how she made, as one character put it, the "opening salvo in a new civil rights war."
In an onstage Q&A at the D.C. premiere of On the Basis of Sex, Ginsburg recalled how that salvo came to her attention: "Marty came into my room -- my little room, he worked in the bigger room," she remembers. "He said, 'Ruth, read this.' And I said, 'Marty, you know I don't read tax cases.' 'Read this one.' About 10 minutes later, I walked into his big room and said, 'Marty, let's take it.'" She realized it could lay the groundwork for future cases questioning discrimination against women.
Marty would handle the tax side, and Ruth would take the gender discrimination side, just as the Ginsburgs divided up the household chores, with Marty often doing the cooking. For Stiepleman, who says he modeled his own marriage on his aunt and uncle's, the case is a metaphor for the Ginsburgs' partnership. "It's the two of them arguing in court what they'd already figured out how to do at home, which was to create real equality," he says (room size aside).
Stiepleman waited a year to approach his aunt about the rights to her story, out of respect for her grief. But when he described the story he wanted to tell, she responded with a zinger that sounds like one of McKinnon's famous "Gins-burns": "Well, if that's how you want to spend your time."
Stiepleman firmly believes that there's still room to say something fresh about a woman as well-known as his aunt. "She's very private," he explains, "I mean, I thought I knew her -- and I did-- but not to the same intimate degree where I felt that I could write her." That familiarity only came after hours of one-on-one interviews and poring over her academic notes and legal papers.
So who is Kiki, as Ginsburg is called in On the Basis of Sex, and what is the film's ultimate message -- as well as its target audience?
Its creators and stars agree that the movie is something of a cinematic Reese's Peanut Butter Cup. Armie Hammer, 32, who plays Marty, calls attention to the film's split personality, citing, on the one hand, its focus on the Ginsburgs' "amazing partnership" and, on the other, its stuffier theme of public policy: "How a government taxes its citizens," Hammer says, with the cadence of the lawyer he plays, "is a direct representation of how that government views its people."
Felicity Jones, 35, who plays Ginsburg, says On the Basis of Sex hews closely to the formulaic structure of a sports movie. She says her character's climactic speech before the appeals court judges -- at five minutes and 32 seconds, one of the longest speeches ever delivered by a woman in American film -- is equivalent to the "last-quarter, game-winning touchdown." She later compares the character of RBG to the crusading martyr Joan of Arc -- while also describing her as a chrysalis of sorts: "It answers the question: 'How does someone grow into the Ruth Bader Ginsburg that we all know -- or think we know -- at 85?'"
Director Mimi Leder, 66, agrees with that last assessment, noting that the film, which covers a span of 20 years, is bookended by images of two very different Ginsburgs: one, a first-year student at Harvard Law School -- a naive young woman in a "swaying, cornflower-blue dress," one of only nine female students in 1956 -- and the second, a more confident fighter, clad in a deep ultramarine power suit. The color of the dress, as Leder explains, is a symbol of the "ocean" Ginsburg had to cross to get to where she is today. On the Basis of Sex, Leder says, is, not a story of being, but of "becoming."
"I'll tell you what On the Basis of Sex is about," Stiepleman says. "Ruth obviously changed the country, but she did it by convincing people to agree with her, instead of destroying the people who disagreed with her."
Wait a minute -- so now this a Trump movie?
"No, no, no," say Leder and Stiepleman, almost in unison. Ginsburg is a hero to progressives, many of whom are anxious over her recent health scares. But when the film was shown to a focus group in Orange County -- an area south of Los Angeles that is neither red nor blue, but deep purple -- conservatives were as likely to rate Basis favorably as liberals, the creators explain. More than anything, Stiepleman says, On the Basis of Sex is "a joyous, grab-your-kids-and-a-bucket-of-popcorn Christmas movie."
The film's climax -- a rebuttal to the arguments of the Internal Revenue Service's lawyers -- is a stirring tour de force by Jones, who has Ginsburg's vocal mannerisms down pat: a neutral, almost trans-Atlantic accent when calm, but with a touch of Ginsburg's native Brooklyn creeping in, along with the character's rising passions.
But as inspirational as that speech may be in the film, it never actually took place. "I had an amazing rebuttal," Ginsburg confessed to the audience at the National Archives premiere. "But there was no rebuttal."
"I made it all up," admits Stiepleman, who adds that Ginsburg's oral argument may have been "the easiest thing to write in the whole film. I think it was one draft."
It was easy, he says, because he had access to his aunt's lecture notes from Rutgers Law School, where she taught while working on the case. Litigation, like teaching -- and filmmaking -- is just another form of storytelling.
And that's in part why an argument is not an attack, Stiepleman says. "To argue with someone is to show respect for their ideas," he says. "If their ideas are good enough, they're worth arguing about." That's a lesson he learned firsthand, by watching his aunt Ruth argue -- respectfully -- with her daughter Jane, a rivalry he weaves into the film.
Stiepleman says he was a "hippie-dippy" teacher and that he used to invite students to grade him. His favorite response came from a pupil who once gave his teacher a D. It was attached to this note: "Sorry Mr. Stiepleman. This is my favorite class, but let's face it, it's not like you really teach us anything; all we do is think about a bunch of stuff that we never thought about before." That comment, Stiepleman says, was "the best compliment I've ever gotten in my life."
MovieStyle on 12/28/2018