WASHINGTON -- The U.S. economy accelerated last quarter at an annual rate of 4.1 percent, the government estimated Friday, as consumers spent tax-cut money, businesses stepped up investment and exporters rushed to ship their goods ahead of retaliatory tariffs.
President Donald Trump said he was thrilled with what he called an "amazing" growth rate -- the strongest quarterly figure since 2014 -- and said it wasn't "a one-time shot." But most economists took issue with that forecast, saying the pace of growth in the April-June quarter won't likely last in the months ahead.
The Commerce Department said the gross domestic product -- the total output of goods and services produced in the United States -- posted its best showing since a 4.9 percent annual increase in the third quarter of 2014.
Trump, who has repeatedly attacked the economic record of President Barack Obama's administration, had pledged during the 2016 presidential race to double annual economic growth to 4 percent or more. And at a White House appearance Friday with his top economic advisers and Vice President Mike Pence, the president boasted that "we've accomplished an economic turnaround of historic proportions."
He predicted that the economy would fare "extraordinarily well" in the current July-September quarter and that growth for 2018 as a whole would be the best in 13 years.
The U.S. economy just entered its 10th year of growth, a recovery that began under Obama, who inherited the recession. The data show that the falling unemployment rate and gains in home values reflect the duration of the recovery, rather than any major changes made since 2017 by the Trump administration.
While Trump praised the 4.1 percent annual growth rate in the second quarter, it exceeded that level four times during the Obama presidency. But quarterly figures are volatile and strength in one quarter can be reversed in the next. While Obama never achieved the 3 percent annual growth that Trump hopes to see, he came close. The economy grew 2.9 percent in 2015.
Forecasters cautioned that the April-June pace was mainly, though not entirely, from temporary factors. Most analysts are forecasting that growth this year could reach 3 percent, which would be the best since a 3.5 percent gain in 2005. But many think the annual 4.1 percent growth rate last quarter is likely the high point for any one quarter. Many think annual growth in the second half of this year will be 2.5 percent to 3 percent.
"We believe quarter two will represent a growth peak as the boost from tax cuts fades, global growth moderates, inflation rises, the Fed tightens monetary policy and trade protectionism looms over the economy," said Gregory Daco, chief U.S. economist at Oxford Economics.
The latest GDP figure was nearly double the 2.2 percent growth rate in the first quarter, which was revised up from a previous estimate of 2 percent annual growth.
Consumer spending, which accounts for about 70 percent of economic activity, reached a 4 percent annual growth rate after a lackluster 0.5 percent rate in the first quarter. Consumers began spending their higher take-home pay on autos and other big-ticket items, spurred by the $1.5 trillion tax cut Trump pushed through Congress in December.
Another key factor that bolstered growth was a rush by exporters of soybeans and other products to move their shipments to other countries before retaliatory tariffs in response to Trump's tariffs on imports took effect. The trend is particularly clear in exports of soybeans, which were up more than 50 percent in May from a year earlier.
Exports surged at a 9.3 percent annual rate in the second quarter, while imports grew at a scant 0.5 percent rate.
Trump called the narrowing of the trade deficit "one of the biggest wins in the report."
"Every day when you get GDP growing this fast is a big win," said Doug Holtz-Eakin, a Republican and former director of the Congressional Budget Office. "But we shall see how the trade negotiations feed into the next GDP reports. That is a concern."
The narrowing trade deficit added a full percentage point to growth last quarter, though economists have expressed concern that a full-blown trade war between the United States and China, the world' s two biggest economies, will hurt growth in both countries.
Business investment grew at a solid 7.3 percent annual rate. Government spending also posted a solid gain, rising at a 2.1 percent annual rate. The result was boosted by a budget deal at the start of the year that added billions to defense and domestic spending. But housing, which has struggled this year, shrank at a 1.1 percent annual rate after an even sharper 3.4 percent annual decline in the first quarter.
"The second quarter was a strong quarter, but it was juiced up by the tax cuts and higher government spending," said Mark Zandi, chief economist at Moody's Analytics.
Zandi forecast that growth for 2018 will reach 3 percent, which would be the best rate since before the last recession. In 2019, he expects solid 2.6 percent growth. But in 2020 -- a presidential election year -- Zandi is forecasting growth of just 0.9 percent, a pace so slow it will raise the threat of a recession.
"We will come pretty close to stalling out in 2020 because the growth we are seeing now is not sustainable," Zandi said.
"We're getting explosive growth in the second quarter because of trade," said Ellen Zentner, chief U.S. economist for Morgan Stanley. "You've got a big hole on the other side of that."
The GDP report released Friday included a revision of previous years' figures. The revisions showed that growth in 2017 came in at 2.2 percent, slightly below the 2.3 percent previously reported.
The current economic expansion, which began in June 2009, is now the second-longest on record but also the weakest. The GDP revisions didn't change that narrative. Annual growth has averaged just 2.2 percent since mid-2009 through the end of last year, the same as previously reported.
"The bottom line takeaway is that this growth is not sustainable and it will slow in the second half of the year," said Lakshman Achuthan, co-founder of the Economic Cycle Research Institute. "President Trump should celebrate this number because it is going to ease from here."
Information for this article was contributed by Martin Crutsinger, Josh Boak and Christopher Rugaber of The Associated Press; by Heather Long of The Washington Post; and by Ben Casselman of The New York Times.
A Section on 07/28/2018