MARACAIBO, Venezuela -- U.S. sanctions on oil-rich Venezuela appear to be taking hold, resulting in mile-long lines for fuel in the South American nation's second-largest city, Maracaibo.
Some drivers said they'd had to wait almost 24 hours to fuel up, and people have been grabbing catnaps on the hoods of cars or in truck beds.
Nearing empty and stuck in line, infectious-diseases doctor Yoli Urdaneta said she couldn't make her shift to treat patients.
"I've spent four days trying to get gasoline," Urdaneta said. "But I couldn't."
A satellite cruising over Maracaibo on Thursday captured pictures of cars lined up for a mile through the city to the pumps, according to Maxar Technologies, a U.S.-based space technology company.
Russ Dallen, a Miami-based partner at the brokerage firm Caracas Capital Markets, said Sunday that stiff U.S. sanctions on top of decaying refineries has begun to hit home.
Venezuela doesn't have the cash to import key ingredients to keep up production in a country with the world's largest oil reserves, said Dallen, who estimated that the state-run oil firm Petroleos de Venezuela S.A. is producing 10% to 15% of its capacity.
"It's all coming together in a toxic brew," Dallen said. "That is really having a devastating effect."
President Donald Trump's administration this year sanctioned the oil firm in an effort aimed at driving President Nicolas Maduro from office, while throwing its support behind opposition leader Juan Guaido.
The U.S. sanctions essentially cut off Maduro's government from its Houston-based subsidiary Citgo, depriving officials of an estimated $11 billion in hard currency from exports this year. U.S. officials say this cash flow long bankrolled what they call Maduro's "dictatorship."
Sanctions also put the squeeze on Venezuela's access to diluents. The country needs diluting agents to thin its tar-like heavy crude so it can be piped more than 100 miles from the field to be turned into gasoline.
The political stalemate shows few signs of nearing an end.
In a recent flurry of diplomatic activity aimed at peacefully solving Venezuela's crisis, European officials said they held intensive meetings over two days in Caracas with key players.
About the same time, Maduro's government and the opposition sent representatives to talks in Norway. Officials engaged in both efforts reported no breakthroughs.
The panic over shortages has crept into the capital, Caracas, leading to moderately long lines for the past three days at many stations.
Across the country in Maracaibo, angry drivers lined up complaining that police were profiting off their frustrations. Drivers said officers overseeing the lines allowed some to pay the equivalent of $3.60 -- more than half of the monthly minimum wage -- to cut into a shorter line while others waited hours to fill up their tanks with subsidized fuel that costs less than a penny a gallon.
Jose Eustaquio Perez, 65, said he took the offer.
"I'm too old and I'm not in the mood to wait in this long line," he said. "I don't feel good, so I paid it to get out of here."
Information for this article was contributed by Scott Smith of The Associated Press.
A Section on 05/20/2019