WASHINGTON -- Attorney General Merrick Garland named a special counsel on Friday to oversee the Justice Department's investigation into the presence of classified documents at former President Donald Trump's Florida estate as well as key aspects of a separate probe involving the Jan. 6, 2021, insurrection and efforts to undo the 2020 election.
The appointment of veteran prosecutor Jack Smith, announced just three days after Trump formally launched his 2024 candidacy, is a recognition of the unmistakable political implications of two investigations that involve not only a former president but also a current White House hopeful. It installs a new chain of command over sensitive inquiries seen as likely to accelerate now that the midterm elections have concluded, with Garland citing Trump's entry into the race and President Joe Biden's stated intention to run again as reasons for Smith's sudden appointment.
"The Department of Justice has long recognized that in certain extraordinary cases, it is in the public's interest to appoint a special prosecutor to independently manage an investigation and prosecution," Garland said from the Justice Department's podium.
Smith, who led the Justice Department's public integrity section in Washington and later served as the acting chief federal prosecutor in Nashville, Tenn., during the Obama administration, is set to begin his work immediately, Garland said. He has been serving since 2018 as chief prosecutor for the special court in The Hague that is tasked with investigating international war crimes and has been involved with alleged offenses in Kosovo.
The Justice Department described Smith as a registered independent, an effort to blunt any attack of perceived political bias. Trump is a Republican, and Biden is a Democrat.
"Throughout his career, Jack Smith has built a reputation as an impartial and determined prosecutor who leads teams with energy and focus to follow the facts wherever they lead," Garland said. "As special counsel, he will exercise independent prosecutorial judgment to decide whether charges should be brought."
"The extraordinary circumstances here demand it," Garland said of the appointment.
In a statement released by the Justice Department, Smith said he intended to do his work independently.
"I intend to conduct the assigned investigations, and any prosecutions that may result from them, independently and in the best traditions of the Department of Justice. The pace of the investigations will not pause or flag under my watch," Smith said in a written statement. "I will exercise independent judgement and will move the investigations forward expeditiously and thoroughly to whatever outcome the facts and the law dictate."
Some former Justice Department officials had urged the attorney general not to appoint a special counsel, arguing it would delay charging decisions deep into the 2024 election cycle, which could be damaging to both the political process and the department. Other former federal prosecutors contend that Garland has little choice but to make such an appointment, since this is the type of scenario in which the special counsel regulations were meant to be applied.
Justice Department regulations say the attorney general will appoint a special counsel, essentially a prosecutor handpicked to tackle a particularly criminal investigation, if a case meets several criteria, specifically: that an investigation is warranted in a way that presents a conflict of interest for the Justice Department "or other extraordinary circumstances," and that under those circumstances "it would be in the public interest" to appoint a special counsel to handle the case.
A Trump spokesperson responded to the appointment by calling it "a totally expected political stunt by a feckless, politicized, weaponized Biden Department of Justice."
MATTERS AT HAND
As special counsel, Smith will inherit two ongoing investigations that both touch Trump. One concerns potential interference in the transfer of power after the 2020 presidential election, when Trump allies scrambled for ways to overturn the results of the contest won by Biden. The other involves the retention of classified documents at Trump's Mar-a-Lago estate in Palm Beach, Fla.
The Mar-a-Lago probe has escalated especially quickly, with prosecutors this month granting immunity to a close Trump ally to secure his testimony before a federal grand jury. Investigators in that case have interviewed a broad range of witnesses and, in court filings, have cited legal concerns over the presence of top-secret materials in Mar-a-Lago despite strict procedures that govern the handling of classified information. They've also alleged efforts to obstruct that probe.\
In his role as special counsel, Smith will be empowered to decide whether charges should be brought as part of his investigations and to prosecute any crimes he uncovers. Though Garland as attorney general would retain ultimate oversight of his work, he stressed the independent decision-making that Smith will bring to bear on the job.
Garland's order said the special counsel will not be responsible for cases involving those who were physically present at the Capitol on Jan. 6 -- leaving those to the Washington, D.C., U.S. attorney's office that has been pursuing those investigations since the day of the riot. So far, more than 900 people have been charged.
The Trump Justice Department in 2017 named former FBI Director Robert Mueller as special counsel to lead the investigation into potential coordination between Russia and the Trump 2016 presidential campaign, a recognition of the inherent conflict involved in investigating a president who controls the executive branch.
Mueller declined to make a decision on whether Trump had criminally obstructed justice, noting long-standing Justice Department policy against indicting a sitting president. As a former president, Trump will no longer have that protection.
A PROSECUTOR'S BEGINNINGS
The special counsel role is the latest in a series of prosecutorial jobs for Smith, who early in his career was an assistant district attorney in New York before later joining the Justice Department.
Lanny Breuer, who led the department's criminal division when Smith ran the public integrity section, called Smith "an exquisite lawyer and an exquisite prosecutor."
"He's not political at all," Breuer said. "He's straight down the middle."
Smith grew up in upstate New York and graduated from Harvard Law School. His career as a prosecutor began in Manhattan in the early 1990s, where he earned a reputation as a hard worker.
"I don't think I was very talented, but you field a lot of groundballs, you're a good shortstop," Smith once told The Associated Press in 2010 about those early days. He said then that he saw the role of a prosecutor as serving people like his parents and others he grew up with in the town of Clay.
"They pay their taxes, follow the rules, and they expect their public officials to do the same," he said then.
He had returned to the Justice Department at the time to oversee the department's then-troubled public integrity section, which was battered publicly for failing to turn over exculpatory evidence in the criminal trial of former Alaska Sen. Ted Stevens, a Republican. Supporters lauded him as apolitical and hardworking.
During his tenure, his unit brought a series of high-profile cases against elected officials from both political parties. Not all were successful, and not all investigations resulted in criminal charges -- a powerful lesson, Smith told the AP.
When there isn't sufficient evidence to bring a case, "you have to be able to admit that if it's not there, it's not there," Smith said. "I think that's hard for people to do, and having been a prosecutor for 15 years that is something I can do."
Information for this article was contributed by Eric Tucker, Michael Balsamo, Jill Colvin, Colleen Long, Zeke Miller and Nomaan Merchant of The Associated Press; and by Perry Stein and Devlin Barrett of The Washington Post.
Attorney General Merrick Garland announces a special counsel to oversee the Justice Department's investigation into the presence of classified documents at former President Donald Trump's Florida estate and aspects of a separate probe involving the Jan. 6 insurrection and efforts to undo the 2020 election, at the Justice Department in Washington, Friday, Nov. 18, 2022. At left is Deputy Attorney General Lisa Monaco and Assistant Attorney General for the Criminal Division Kenneth Polite. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik)
FILE - Jack Smith, then the Department of Justice's chief of the Public Integrity Section, poses for photo at the Department of Justice in Washington, on Aug. 24, 2010. Attorney General Merrick Garland named Smith a special counsel on Friday, Nov. 18, 2022, to oversee the Justice Department's investigation into the presence of classified documents at former President Donald Trump's Florida estate as well as key aspects of a separate probe involving the Jan. 6, 2021, insurrection and efforts to undo the 2020 election. (AP Photo/Charles Dharapak, File)
Attorney General Merrick Garland announces Jack Smith as special counsel to oversee the Justice Department's investigation into the presence of classified documents at former President Donald Trump's Florida estate and aspects of a separate probe involving the Jan. 6 insurrection and efforts to undo the 2020 election, at the Justice Department in Washington, Friday, Nov. 18, 2022. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik)
FILE - Attorney General Merrick Garland listens to a question as he leaves the podium after speaking at the Justice Department, Aug. 11, 2022, in Washington. Garland named a special counsel on Friday, Nov. 18, to oversee the Justice Department's investigation into the presence of classified documents at former President Donald Trump's Florida estate as well as key aspects of a separate probe involving the Jan. 6 insurrection and efforts to undo the 2020 election. (AP Photo/Susan Walsh, File)
FILE - Prosecutor Jack Smith listens as Hashim Thaci, not pictured, makes his first courtroom appearance before a judge at the Kosovo Specialist Chambers court in The Hague, Netherlands, Nov. 9, 2020. Attorney General Merrick Garland named Smith a special counsel on Friday, Nov. 18, 2022, to oversee the Justice Department's investigation into the presence of classified documents at former President Donald Trump's Florida estate as well as key aspects of a separate probe involving the Jan. 6, 2021, insurrection and efforts to undo the 2020 election. (Jerry Lampen/Pool Photo via AP, File)
Attorney General Merrick Garland leaves a news conference Friday in Washington after announcing Jack Smith as special counsel. Following (from left) are Deputy Attorney General Lisa Monaco, Assistant Attorney General for the Criminal Division Kenneth Polite and U.S. Attorney for the District of Columbia Matthew Graves. (AP/Andrew Harnik)