Stocks closed sharply lower Wednesday after the Federal Reserve made another big interest rate increase and sharply increased its outlook for how high the central bank expects to raise rates in coming months.
Short- term Treasury yields continued pushing into multiyear highs after the central bank raised its short-term rate by three-quarters of a point. The Fed also said it now expects its benchmark rate to be a full percentage point higher by the end of the year than it had predicted in June.
“We have got to get inflation behind us,” Fed Chairman Jerome Powell said during a news conference. “I wish there were a painless way to do that. There isn’t.” The S&P 500 fell 1.7% to its lowest level since mid-July after wavering between gains and losses as traders considered the impact of the Fed’s update on interest rates, which have widespread effects on markets and the economy.
The Dow Jones Industrial Average also fell 1.7% after flipping between gains and losses. The Nasdaq composite lost 1.8%. The major indexes are on pace for their fifth weekly loss in six weeks.
The yield on the 2-year Treasury, which tends to follow expectations for Fed action, rose to 4.02% from 3.97% late Tuesday. It is trading at its highest level since 2007. The yield on the 10-year Treasury, which influences mortgage rates, fell to 3.52% from 3.56% late Tuesday.
The Fed is raising rates to fight the worst inflation in 40 years. The worry is that the Fed may cause a recession by slowing the economy too much.
“Ultimately, the policy appears to be appropriate given the economic backdrop, but investors should prepare for rough seas ahead as aggressive Fed policy usually leaves a path of destruction in the wake behind,” said Charlie Ripley, senior investment strategist at Allianz Investment Management.
The S&P 500 fell l66 points to 3,789.93. The Dow slid 522.45 points to 30,183.78, and the Nasdaq lost 204.86 points to close at 11,220.19. Smaller company stocks also slumped. The Russell 2000 index fell 25.35 points, or 1.4%, to 1,762.16.
The broader market has been lurching between gains and losses throughout the week ahead of the latest update on interest rates from the Fed.
More than 90% of the stocks in the S&P 500 fell, with retailers, banks and technology companies among the heaviest weights on the benchmark index. Amazon.com Inc. dropped 3%, Bank of America Corp. shed 3% and Apple Inc. fell 2%.
The Fed has been raising rates aggressively to try and tame high prices on everything from food to clothing.
During his Wednesday press conference, Powell stressed his resolve to lift rates high enough to slow the economy and drive inflation back toward the central bank’s 2% goal. Powell said the Fed has just started to get to that level with this most recent increase.
The central bank’s latest rate increase lifted its benchmark rate, which affects many consumer and business loans, to a range of 3% to 3.25%, the highest level in 14 years, and up from zero at the start of the year.
“The Fed is pivoting, but not in the direction that many hoped for,” said Willie Delwiche, investment strategist at All Star Charts. “Not only are they indicating that rates will be higher for longer but they expect to persist even as the economy slows more dramatically and remains weaker longer than they were expecting as recently as June.” The Fed’s goal is to slow economic growth and cool inflation, but Wall Street is worried that the central bank could hit the brakes too hard on an already slowing economy and cause a recession.
Those concerns have been reinforced by reports showing that inflation remains stubbornly high, at 8.3% in August compared with a year ago, and statements from Fed officials noting they will keep raising rates until they are sure inflation is under control.
Central banks worldwide are also dealing with inflation. Sweden surprised economists this week with a full-point increase.
The Bank of Japan began a two-day monetary policy meeting Wednesday, although analysts expect the central bank to stick to its easy monetary policy. Rate decisions from Norway, Switzerland and the Bank of England are next.
Global tensions remain high as Russia’s invasion of Ukraine continues. Russian-controlled regions of eastern and southern Ukraine have announced plans to start voting this week to become part of Russia. The war has killed thousands of people, driven up food prices worldwide and caused energy costs to soar.
Fuel prices, which helped fuel inflation for months, have been generally falling. But the average price for a gallon of gas went up Wednesday for the first time in more than three months, rising to $3.68 from $3.67, according to AAA.
Cruise line operators slipped Wednesday as Hurricane Fiona continued to batter the Caribbean. Carnival Corp. slid 6.8%.
Information for this article was contributed by Yuri Kageyama and Matt Ott of The Associated Press.