WASHINGTON -- The Environmental Protection Agency on Monday announced a comprehensive ban on asbestos, a carcinogen that kills tens of thousands of Americans every year but is still used in chlorine bleach, brake pads and other products.
The final rule marks a major expansion of EPA regulation under a landmark 2016 law that overhauled regulations governing tens of thousands of toxic chemicals in everyday products from household cleaners to clothing and furniture.
The new rule would ban chrysotile asbestos, the only ongoing use of asbestos in the United States. The substance is found in products such as brake linings and gaskets and is used to manufacture chlorine bleach and sodium hydroxide, also known as caustic soda, including some that is used for water purification.
EPA Administrator Michael Regan called the final rule a major step to protect public health.
"With today's ban, EPA is finally slamming the door on a chemical so dangerous that it has been banned in over 50 countries," Regan said. "This historic ban is more than 30 years in the making, and it's thanks to amendments that Congress made in 2016 to fix the Toxic Substances Control Act," the main U.S. law governing use of chemicals.
Exposure to asbestos is known to cause lung cancer, mesothelioma and other cancers and it is linked to more than 40,000 deaths in the United States each year. Ending the ongoing use of asbestos advances the goals of President Joe Biden's Cancer Moonshot, a whole-of-government initiative to end cancer in the U.S., Regan said.
"The science is clear: Asbestos is a known carcinogen that has severe impacts on public health. This action is just the beginning as we work to protect all American families, workers and communities from toxic chemicals," Regan said.
The 2016 law authorized new rules for tens of thousands of toxic chemicals found in everyday products, including substances such as asbestos and trichloroethylene that for decades have been known to cause cancer yet were largely unregulated under federal law. Known as the Frank Lautenberg Chemical Safety Act, the law was intended to clear up a hodgepodge of state rules governing chemicals and update the Toxic Substances Control Act, a 1976 law that had remained unchanged for 40 years.
The only form of asbestos known to be currently imported, processed or distributed for use in the U.S. is chrysotile asbestos, which comes primarily from Brazil and Russia. It is used by the chlor-alkali industry, which produces bleach, caustic soda and other products.
While chlorine is a commonly used disinfectant in water treatment, there are only eight chlor-alkali plants in the U.S. that still use asbestos diaphragms to produce chlorine and sodium hydroxide.
The EPA rule will ban imports of asbestos for chlor-alkali as soon as the rule is published but will phase in prohibitions on chlor-alkali use over five or more years to provide what the agency called "a reasonable transition period."
A ban on most other uses of asbestos will take effect in two years.
The National Association of Clean Water Agencies, which represents 350 publicly owned wastewater treatment agencies, said before the final rule was announced that an immediate ban on asbestos would "almost certainly cause shortages and price increases for chlorine and other disinfection and treatment chemicals used by the water sector."
A ban on asbestos in oilfield brake blocks, aftermarket automotive brakes and linings and other gaskets will take effect in six months.
The EPA rule allows asbestos-containing sheet gaskets to be used until 2037 at the U.S. Department of Energy's Savannah River Site in South Carolina to ensure that safe disposal of nuclear materials can continue on schedule.
FILE - Environmental Protection Agency administrator Michael Regan speaks, Feb. 16, 2024, in East Palestine, Ohio. The EPA announced Monday, March 18, a comprehensive ban on asbestos, a carcinogen that is still used in some chlorine bleach, brake pads and other products and kills thousands of Americans every year. Regan called the final rule a major step to protect public health. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik, File)