The latest school shooting tragedy in Michigan on Nov. 30 shares many traits with those that came before it. The suspect was a young male student at the school in the midst of a noticeable crisis. He had communicated intent to do harm. He got a firearm from a family member who had failed to store it securely.
But one crucial fact is different: The suspect's parents have been criminally charged for their role in the crime. This decision is a powerful reminder that no child kills in a vacuum, and it might be key to unlocking legislative action that could help prevent school shootings.
The 15-year-old boy's father purchased a semi-automatic pistol four days before the shooting as a gift for his son. Over the weekend, the boy and his mother both posted about the gun on social media. After the boy was caught at school Monday searching for ammunition on his phone, his mother texted, "LOL I'm not mad at you. You have to learn not to get caught."
The Tuesday morning of the shooting, the suspect drew a picture of a gun pointing at the words "the thoughts won't stop. help me." He also drew a bullet with the phrases "blood everywhere," "my life is useless" and "the world is dead."
When his parents were summoned to the school and told to send their son to counseling, they allegedly resisted the idea of immediately taking him out of school and left without him--and the gun in his backpack. The gun had been kept in an unlocked drawer in their bedroom.
Their son is accused of killing four students and injuring seven other people at Oxford High School, about 45 miles north of Detroit. His parents have been charged with four counts of involuntary manslaughter, which means there was no premeditation or intent to kill, only that they acted in a reckless manner. The couple pleaded not guilty and face up to 60 years in prison if convicted.
It's rare for adult gun owners to be charged in relation to school shootings, because parents of shooters have a constitutional right to own a firearm and most states don't have laws requiring gun owners to secure their weapons when children are in the household. In some mass school shootings, there have been no parents to prosecute because their children had killed them with guns the parents owned.
School shooters are nearly always too young to legally own a weapon or take it outside the home. Of all the common-sense gun laws typically proposed after school shootings--universal background checks, extreme-risk protection orders, an assault weapons ban--safe storage is the most directly applicable. In our research, around 60 percent of the 37 guns brought to the scene of the 12 school mass shootings came directly from family members.
Proposals requiring secure storage at home are generally popular among gun owners and non-gun owners alike. Research shows they can help prevent gun thefts, suicides and accidental shootings, in addition to school shootings. One study found that keeping firearms locked up can reduce shootings in the home by 75 percent.
Thirty-one states have child access prevention laws, but only 11 states have any sort of safe storage legislation. Michigan isn't one of them. In California, parents can be criminally charged if they keep an unlocked firearm on their property where children can get hold of it, but it is nearly impossible to enforce without going door to door with a search warrant.
The Oxford school shooting case could be a catalyst for federal legislation to sew up this patchwork quilt of policies. A majority of gun owners admit they do not safely store all of their firearms. According to a 2015 national study, about 1 in 5 gun-owning households with children under 18 stores at least one weapon in the least safe manner: loaded and unlocked.
And that was before record gun sales and the rise of homemade "ghost guns," like the one used recently by a 13-year-old who allegedly trafficked in ghost guns and accidentally shot and killed his sister. A 16-year-old also used such a gun in 2019 to kill two students at Saugus High School in Santa Clarita.
An estimated 4.6 million American children live within reach of a loaded gun. But the charges in the Oxford shooting case are about more than firearm safety. They are about shining a light on the systemic failure to take the warning signs of violence seriously.
Time and again, our research shows, adults have denied that an eventual school shooter is capable of serious violence or have failed to act on warning signs and a child's explicit cries for help. Shootings and threats of shootings in schools are only rising. Our children are under fire.
One painful lesson from the Michigan attack: Cameras, security guards and active-shooter drills don't prevent school shootings. We need a nationally funded mandate that would create multi-agency threat assessment and crisis response teams in every school and community so that children in crisis feel seen and heard, and can be immediately connected to the help and support they need.
We also need to make sure those children can't grab a gun left lying around--or worse, use one that an adult handed to them.
James Densley is a professor of criminal justice at Metropolitan State University. Jillian Peterson is a professor of criminology and criminal justice at Hamline University.