I've long been a believer in evolution, biological and otherwise. Biological evolution is any genetic change in a population that is inherited over several generations; that could be a butterfly evolving to mimic another butterfly that is poisonous to predators.
The changes are generally slow and slight and only observable after the fact, perhaps centuries or longer after they started. One could try to speed those changes up, but that would require genetic engineering on a large scale, and we're not there yet where humans and animals are concerned, for very sound ethical and technical reasons.
Language evolution is similar. However, in the past few decades we've seen many, particularly in politics, try to speed up that evolution by engineering forced redefinition of terms, all but demanding that the words be used only in the way they prefer, right now, rather than letting the process continue naturally. Remember, it took centuries for "awful" to change from the broader sense of "being worthy of respect or fear" or "striking with awe" to its current meaning of "bad."
Evolution happens a bit quicker now, thanks to the Internet and social media, which are ripe for exploitation by propagandists. Social strategist Desmond Donovan noted on Medium in 2019 that "definitions of words change based on the ideas that we associate with them. This fact is used heavily in the social engineering world--change a word's associations, and you change a person's viewpoint on subjects that involve that word. It works like magic when used right."
Remember that dictionaries record not how words should be used (prescriptivism, aka grammar snobbery) but simply how they are used at a given point in time (descriptivism, aka word nerdery; is too a word). Propagandists, though, will sometimes force the issue, for good or ill.
Think of words like "liberal," "conservative," "Christian" and "patriot" and you'll most likely have a ready-made image in mind based largely on social engineering that may have positive or negative impetus. Sometimes it's done by activists to take back a word from the negative connotations that have developed around it. Donovan brought up an 11th-grade teacher's admonition in the 1990s of using "that's so gay," meaning bad, when contextually it had no relation to "gay," meaning homosexual. Context matters, and now, thanks to the work of dedicated activists, you'd be hard-pressed to find people who use the word to mean "bad." Still, that took a couple of decades to do.
Sometimes it's done by opportunists who want to so muddy the waters that no one can be sure what someone means when they use certain words ... apparently because context and nuance require too much thinking and thus clash with talking points.
"Word associations create ideas in people's minds. They are sometimes false. Used long enough, the definitions change," wrote Donovan. And that's what it seems some are intent on doing with other words in the English language.
We've seen this over words like "democracy" and "republic," with hyperpartisans on both sides seemingly verklempt at the idea of using a word that is contained in the name of the opposition. I have bad news for them: "Democracy" as a catch-all is correct, and so is "republic," as our constitutional republic is a form of ... democracy (oooh, scary). Democracy can be direct (though that really only works with small populations) or representative.
The Online Etymology Dictionary defines democracy as "government by the people, system of government in which the sovereign power is vested in the people as a whole exercising power directly or by elected officials; a state so governed." It defines a republic as a "state in which supreme or executive power rests in the people via representatives chosen by citizens entitled to vote."
Whadya know ... related!
So please, those of you having hissy fits whenever someone calls the U.S. anything but your preferred label, or even--gasp--democratic republic, calm down. Need I remind you that one of the first two major political parties formed in the United States was called the Democratic-Republicans?
Neither "democracy" nor "republic" is inherently something negative, so get over yourselves and stop trying to make them so. We have enough of that propaganda from places like North Korea.
Speaking of democracy, remember that early voting begins next Tuesday for the general election. Make sure you've researched the candidates and issues so that you can make an informed vote.
You can find a voting guide for the state ballot issues at uaex.uada.edu. The Arkansas Public Policy Center, part of the University of Arkansas System's Division of Agriculture, has been providing research-based nonpartisan analyses of public policy issues for over a decade. As it says on its website, its goal "isn't to tell citizens what to think, but rather to increase their knowledge and awareness of public issues and participation in decisions regarding those issues."
Knowledge really is a good thing.
Assistant Editor Brenda Looper is editor of the Voices page. Email her at blooper@adgnewsroom.com. Read her blog at blooper0223.wordpress.com.