Obama exhorts U.N. on Mideast

UNITED NATIONS — President Barack Obama on Thursday challenged the world to overcome decades of shattered promises and help Israelis and Palestinians close a historic peace deal within a year. “This time will be different,” he said.

To an audience of global leaders, Obama made Middle East peace the dominant theme of his yearly address to the U.N. General Assembly, a sign of the fragile state of the latest talks and the importance he attaches to their success. Nearly every other topic of his international agenda was pushed to the margins, save for a call for support of human rights.

Obama devoted the final passage of his speech to a need for people to live freely, and he warned that “we will call out those who suppress ideas.” While he spoke of tyranny by the Taliban and in North Korea, he did not single out allies that the U.S. has accused of repressing their people, such as Russia and China.

With fresh Mideast peace talks seemingly on the brink of collapse, Obama took on skeptics directly. He challenged Israelis and Palestinians to make compromises, exhorted supporters on both sides to show real backing instead of empty talk and painted a grim picture of what will happen if the current effort is consigned to the long list of failed attempts.

“If an agreement is not reached, Palestinians will never know the pride and dignity that comes with their own state,” Obama said. “Israelis will never know the certainty and security that comes with sovereign and stable neighbors. ... More blood will be shed. This Holy Land will remain a symbol of our differences instead of our common humanity.”

The speech came amid a wider burst of presidential diplomacy in New York. Obama met at length with Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao over U.S. contentions that China’s currency is undervalued.

Obama “made clear [to Wen] that we’re expecting to see more action, more significant movement” on currency revaluation, said Jeffrey Bader, a senior U.S. National Security Council aide. “If the Chinese don’t take action, we have other means of protecting U.S. interests,” Bader said, apparently referring in part to action through the World Trade Organization.

U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon set the tone for the meetings when he implored leaders to show more respect to one another and bring the world together. He warned of a “politics of polarization.”

The commander in chief for two wars, Obama made spare mention of either one. He reminded the world that he was winding down the conflict in Iraq and accelerating the fight against extremists in Afghanistan. Yet there was not a major emphasis on terrorism or religious tolerance.

On the pressing security threat of Iran, Obama again extended a diplomatic hand. But he insisted the government there must prove to the world that its nuclear pursuits are for peaceful energy, not weaponry, or it will face further consequences.

Iran recently has indicated interest in restarting talks with the West, and on Wednesday the five permanent members of the U.N. Security Council and Germany offered another chance to enter negotiations. Iranian state TV quoted Foreign Minister Manouchehr Mottaki, who was in New York, as saying Iran was ready to resume the talks but the negotiations must be fair.

Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad addressed an afternoon session of the assembly. At one point he said that some in the world have speculated that Americans were actually behind the Sept. 11 terror attacks and that they were staged in an attempt to assure Israel’s survival. Those comments prompted at least 33 delegations to walk out, including the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Costa Rica, all 27 members of the European Union and the union’s representative, diplomats said.

Mark Kornblau, spokesman of the U.S. mission to the world body, issued a statement within moments of Ahmadinejad’s attack.

“Rather than representing the aspirations and good will of the Iranian people,” he said, “Mr. Ahmadinejad has yet again chosen to spout vile conspiracy theories and anti-Semitic slurs that are as abhorrent and delusional as they are predictable.”

On Mideast peace efforts, there were no signs of a breakthrough in New York and, unlike last year, no meeting among Obama and the key players.

Obama is serving as an invested broker in Mideast peace. Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu are working toward a deal that would settle decades of issues within a year. The goals include the creation of an independent Palestinian state and security for Israel.

But direct talks between the leaders, which just resumed three weeks ago in Washington, have stalled over the impending end of an Israeli freeze on West Bank settlement construction.

Obama challenged Israel to relent, calling for the moratorium to be extended, knowing that would help keep Abbas at the table. “Talks should press on until completed,” Obama said as his administration worked to hold them together.

Separately, senior Palestinian officials said Thursday that their side would consider an expected U.S.-brokered compromise on Israeli settlement building.

On a broader level, Obama summoned the world to show leadership, and he showed as much impatience over the familiar Mideast grievances and the latest obstacles as do skeptics of the process. He implored everyone to stop wasting time and drew a rare round of applause by saying there could be an agreement to secure a Palestinian state by next September’s U.N. gathering.

“We can say that this time will be different - that this time we will not let terror, or turbulence, or posturing, or petty politics stand in the way,” Obama said.

Netanyahu did not attend, and Israel’s seat in the grand U.N. hall sat empty because it was the Jewish holiday of Sukkot. Abbas was present, listening to the president through a translator’s earphone. Obama made no mention of the militant Hamas movement, which controls the Gaza Strip and refuses to accept Israel’s right to exist.

In calling on the world to get more involved, Obama assigned responsibilities to nations beyond those at the negotiating table. He made a particular plea for “friends of the Palestinians” to support the creation of a new state providing political and financial support, and to “stop trying to tear Israel down.”

Obama told the delegates that “this time we should reach for what’s best within ourselves,” calling on Arab states, in particular, to support the process by taking steps toward normalizing relations with Israel.

Obama also pledged firm U.S. backing for Israel.

“After 60 years in the community of nations, Israel’s existence must not be a subject for debate,” Obama said. “It should be clear to all that efforts to chip away at Israel’s legitimacy will only be met by the unshakable opposition of the United States.”

An attentive audience packed the hall to hear Obama speak for just more than a halfhour, twice his allotted time. Some dignitaries took pictures with their cell phones.

The speech was the centerpiece of a day in which Obama was also meeting individually with Chinese and Japanese leaders and introducing first lady Michelle Obama at a meeting of former President Bill Clinton’s Global Initiative.

Obama’s capping argument was for open civil societies across the globe: freedom of assembly, of the press, of the Internet. He said no government delivers more for people than democracy. His words evoked those of his immediate predecessor, George W. Bush, whose emphasis on promoting democracy once drew Obama’s criticism.

“The ultimate success of democracy in the world won’t come because the United States dictates it,” Obama said. “It will come because individual citizens demand a say in how they are governed.” Information for this article was contributed by Ben Feller and Ali Akbar Dareini of The Associated Press, by Kate Andersen Brower, Julianna Goldman, Flavia Krause-Jackson, Peter S. Green and Nicholas Johnston of Bloomberg News, by Warren P. Strobel of McClatchy Newspapers, by Neil MacFarquhar of The New York Times and by Scott Wilson of The Washington Post.