LOS ANGELES — Steven Spielberg’s Lincoln is a historical bio-pic more concerned with depicting the 16th president’s log-rolling politics than his log-splitting childhood.
Lincoln, one of many high-profile films this season based on real events, has been warmly embraced by critics and audiences. But there’s another group whose opinion matters - historians.
“There have been other movies about Lincoln,” said James McPherson, a Lincoln biographer, Pulitzer Prizewinning historian and author of Battle Cry of Freedom, after seeing the film. “They tended to reflect a romanticized Lincoln, almost a mythologized Lincoln. This comes closer to reality. This shows Lincoln’s exhaustion, his gauntness - and his storytelling.”
McPherson, a professor emeritus at Princeton University, was one of many Civil War historians who met withSpielberg and screenwriter Tony Kushner early on in the writing process to help provide background for the film. Initially, Spielberg had optioned Doris Kearns Goodwin’s three-man biography, Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln. Ultimately Kushner used that book as a jumping-off point for the Lincoln screenplay, which depicts the last weeks of Lincoln’s life in 1865, when the president pushed for passage of the 13th Amendment to abolish slavery.
In focusing on a short span of time, the movie delves deeply into Lincoln’s personality, his political tactics and relationship with his Cabinet and family. As a result,McPherson said he considers Lincoln, which stars Daniel Day-Lewis in the title role, the most accurate screen portrayal of the great leader that he has ever seen. We asked the historian to help answer some of our questions after seeing the film (Warning: If you haven’t seen Lincoln yet, this interview contains some spoilers):
Q. Day-Lewis’ voice is quite high in the movie. Did Lincoln really sound like that?
A. Lincoln’s voice was described as being fairly highpitched, rather than the deep baritone used by earlier actors. I think Lincoln may have had a little bit more of an Indiana-Kentucky twang than Day-Lewis has. Lincoln rarely if ever used profanity, and some of the dialogue calls for him to do that. I thought that was a bit jarring.
Q. In the opening scene, Lincoln is shown on the street, chatting casually with some soldiers. Was he that accessible to ordinary people?
A. He was accessible, but usually in his office in the White House. He would in effect hold office hours and people could come to see him. The opening scene where he’s basically out on the street talking to soldiers is probably pretty fictional.
Q. James Spader supplies a lot of the movie’s comic relief as W.N. Bilbo, a lobbyist the White House enlisted to help pass the 13th Amendment. How realistic is the portrayal of his backroom deal-making?
A. It’s overdone, but the effort to sway lame-duck Democrats through promises of patronage either for themselves or political supporterswas basically accurate. Bilbo was a real person, but a certain amount of dramatic liberty is taken with the character. [Secretary of State William] Seward did use some New York politicians to carry out this effort, and in that respect there’s a certain amount of accuracy.
Q. Sally Field plays Mary Todd Lincoln as slightly unhinged, but smart and a bit of a political player herself. Is that a fair representation of the first lady?
A. This movie reflects a fairly sympathetic reading of Mary Todd’s character, although there are allusions to her going off the rails in 1862.The one somewhat unpersuasive scene was when she was greeting Thaddeus Stevens and some of the other congressmen at the White House reception and started bandying with them. It was an effort to give Field some opportunity to portray Mary’s wittiness and feistiness, which she certainly possessed, but I don’t think it really happened.
Q. In the movie, Lincoln’s youngest son, Tad (Gulliver McGrath), drives his pony through the White House, gets into the president’s war maps and gets away with a lot of mischief. Did it really happen that way?
A. That was pretty much true. When [Lincoln’s third son] Willie was alive, the two of them together had free rein in the White House, much to the consternation of [Lincoln’s private secretaries] John Hay and John Nicolay and much to the consternation of some members of the Cabinet. Lincoln was a very indulgent father toward those two boys, but not toward his older son, Robert.
Q. Robert Todd Lincoln is played by Joseph Gordon-Levitt, who’s a heartthrob to many 2012 moviegoers. Was the president’s eldest son actually cute?
A. He was pretty good looking. He did look a fair amount like the young actor who portrayed him. He had the reputation of being a little bit of a stuffed shirt. He did desperately want to get into the Army and I think for the reasons that are portrayed in the movie - he felt his reputation would be forever smirched if he didn’t. He spent most of the war at Harvard as a student. Although I’ll tell you one thing that bothered me - I thought it was out of character when Lincoln slapped Robert.
Q. Some have criticized the small, relatively passive roles of the black characters in the movie - did Lincoln know many black people personally?
A. He didn’t have a lot of personal black friends, but he had grown to admire a lot of black people he knew abstractly. One thing the movie leaves out is his relationship with Frederick Douglass. Lincoln came to know Douglass and admire him greatly, and Douglass did come to the White House.
Q. Radical Republican Congressman Thaddeus Stevens (Tommy Lee Jones) is revealed as having a romantic relationship that could have driven his avid abolitionism. Did that relationship really exist?
A. It was widely rumored at the time. There’s no proof one way or the other. Stevens kept that pretty private. He was not married and had no children, but the truth is we really don’t know.
MovieStyle, Pages 36 on 11/30/2012