PYONGYANG, North Korea -- Marathon negotiations by senior officials from North and South Korea stretched into a third day today as the rivals tried to pull back from the brink. South Korea's military, meanwhile, said that unusual North Korean troop and submarine movement indicated continued battle preparation.
"Both sides had comprehensive discussions on how to resolve the current situation and how to improve South-North relations in general," Min Kyung-wook, a spokesman for President Park Geun-hye of South Korea, said Sunday about the border talks.
Negotiators from both sides resumed talks in Panmunjom on Sunday afternoon after a marathon overnight meeting failed to reach a compromise on the terms under which South Korea would withdraw 11 batteries of propaganda loudspeakers from the border.
Officials otherwise refused to discuss the talks, which started Saturday evening. The second session of the talks was still going early this morning.
The diplomacy, for the time being, has pushed aside previous heated warnings of imminent war.
These are the highest-level talks between the two Koreas in a year, with senior officials from countries that have spent recent days vowing to destroy each other sitting together at a table in Panmunjom, the border enclave where the 1953 armistice was agreed to that ended fighting in the Korean War.
The length of the talks -- nearly 10 hours for the first session and more than 16 for the second -- and the lack of immediate progress are not unusual. While the Koreas often have difficulty agreeing to talks, once they do, long sessions are common. After decades of animosity and bloodshed, however, finding common ground is much harder.
The decision to hold talks came hours ahead of a Saturday deadline set by North Korea for the South to dismantle loudspeakers broadcasting anti-Pyongyang propaganda at their border. North Korea had declared that its front-line troops were in full war readiness and prepared to go to battle if Seoul did not back down.
North's subs left bases
South Korea said that even as the North was pursuing dialogue, its troops were preparing for a fight.
An official from Seoul's Defense Ministry said about 70 percent of the North's more than 70 submarines and undersea vehicles had left their bases and were undetectable by the South Korean military as of Saturday.
The official, who refused to be named because of official rules, also said the North had doubled the strength of its front-line artillery forces since the start of the talks Saturday evening.
It is unusual for so many of the North's 70 known submarines to be away from their bases at once, officials said. South Korea has been particularly sensitive about North Korean submarines since 46 sailors were killed in 2010 in the sinking of a South Korean navy ship, which the South attributed to a torpedo fired by a North Korean submarine.
The current standoff is the result of a series of events that started with the explosions of land mines on the southern side of the Demilitarized Zone between the Koreas, which Seoul says were planted by North Korea. The explosions maimed two South Korean soldiers on a routine patrol.
In response, the South resumed anti-Pyongyang propaganda broadcasts for the first time in 11 years, infuriating the North.
There was shock and worry Thursday after South Korea's military fired dozens of artillery rounds across the border in response to what Seoul said were North Korean artillery strikes meant to back up a threat to attack the loudspeakers. Although no casualties were reported, the clash was the most serious in five years.
The North denies it was behind the land mines and the shelling, claims that Seoul calls nonsense.
Park refused to accept North Korean supreme leader Kim Jong Un's demand Thursday that South Korea stop propaganda broadcasts across the Demilitarized Zone within 48 hours or face dire consequences.
North Korean troops are eagerly awaiting an order "to inflict a shower of fire" on their foes, North Korea's official Korean Central News Agency said Sunday.
The Defense Ministry official said the South continued the anti-Pyongyang broadcasts even after the start of the talks Saturday, and also after the second session began Sunday. He said Seoul would decide after the talks whether to halt the broadcasts.
The U.S. and South Korea scrambled eight fighter jets Saturday in a show of force, while their top generals agreed in a phone call to respond "strongly" to any North Korean attack, according to Colonel Jeon Ha Kyu, a spokesman for South Korea's Joint Chiefs of Staff.
While the meeting offered a way for the rivals to avoid an immediate collision, analysts in Seoul wondered whether the countries were standing too far apart to expect a quick agreement.
South Korea probably can't afford to walk away with a weak agreement after it openly vowed to stem a "vicious cycle" of North Korean provocations amid public anger over the land mines, said Koh Yu-hwan, a North Korea expert at Seoul's Dongguk University.
It was highly unlikely that the North would accept the South's expected demand for Pyongyang to take responsibility for the land mine explosions and apologize, he added. However, Koh said the meeting might open the door to more talks between the rivals to discuss a variety of issues.
At the meeting, South Korea's presidential national security director, Kim Kwan-jin, and Unification Minister Hong Yong-pyo sat down with Hwang Pyong So, the top political officer for the Korean People's Army, and Kim Yang Gon, a senior North Korean official responsible for South Korean affairs.
Hwang is considered by outside analysts to be North Korea's second-most-important official after supreme leader Kim Jong Un.
South Korea had been using 11 loudspeaker systems along the border for the broadcasts, which included the latest news around the Korean Peninsula and the world, South Korean popular music and programs praising the South's democracy and economic affluence over the North's oppressive government, said a senior military official, speaking on condition of anonymity.
Each loudspeaker system has broadcast for more than 10 hours a day, the official said. If North Korea attacks the loudspeakers, the South is ready to strike back at the North Korean units responsible, he said.
North Korea, which has also restarted its own propaganda broadcasts, is extremely sensitive to any criticism of its government. Analysts in Seoul also believe the North fears that the South's broadcasts could demoralize its front-line troops and inspire them to defect.
1 million volunteers
In Pyongyang, North Korean state media reported that more than 1 million young people have volunteered to join or rejoin the military to defend their country should a conflict break out.
Despite such highly charged rhetoric, which is not particularly unusual, activity in the North's capital remained calm on Sunday, with people going about their daily routines. Truckloads of soldiers singing martial songs could occasionally be seen driving around the city, and a single minivan with camouflage netting was parked near the main train station as the talks with the South went on.
Throughout the day, large crowds of people were mobilized to practice mass activities for the Oct. 10 anniversary of the founding of the ruling Workers Party 70 years ago.
As night fell, instead of anxiously awaiting the outcome of the talks, many Pyongyang residents were riveted to TVs in public places to watch the debut of the Boy General cartoon show, which has been revamped for the first time in five years at the order of Kim Jong Un.
Information for this article was contributed by Eric Talmadge, Foster Klug and Kim Tong-hyung of The Associated Press; by Sam Kim and Jungah Lee of Bloomberg News; and by Choe Sang-hun of The New York Times.
A Section on 08/24/2015