BEIRUT -- An international advocacy group on Wednesday accused the United Nations of prioritizing its relationship with the Syrian government over delivering aid to civilians in need, saying the world body is "in serious breach of its humanitarian principles."
The Beirut-based Syria Campaign said in a report that the U.N. has "allowed the Syrian government to direct aid from Damascus almost exclusively into its territories," at the expense of establishing regular aid access to hundreds of thousands of Syrians besieged by government forces.
A spokesman for Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said the accusation "discredits the work of national and international humanitarian aid workers."
"The U.N. has never shied away from calling out the parties in the conflict, including the Syrian government, for hampering the humanitarian work of the UN in Syria," said Stephane Dujarric.
"We have to work with the Syrian Government. We have no choice," he told reporters later in New York. "U.N. humanitarian convoys cannot shoot their ways through checkpoints. They're not tanks. They're humanitarian trucks."
The U.N. estimates that some 500,000 Syrians are trapped across 18 besieged areas in the country, most of them encircled by government forces, while the monitoring group Siege Watch puts the tally at 1 million.
In news briefings and reports to the Security Council, U.N. officials regularly acknowledge that President Bashar Assad's government refuses to allow critical aid to enter the areas it besieges -- or, at the last moment, it forces relief workers to offload food and medical supplies from their convoys.
The U.N. and its partners nevertheless reach more than 6 million people with aid every month, according to the secretary-general's office. The U.N.'s resident coordinator in Syria, Yacoub El Hillo, said the world body would not "condemn people in non-besieged areas to starvation," just because besieged areas are beyond reach.
But U.N. reports and former officials question the world body's accounting.
In a March self-evaluation of its Syria crisis response, the U.N.'s humanitarian coordination office said it had no systematic means to assess "needs within Government territory, nor the impact of work done to date, or even, arguably, where the majority of assistance has gone."
Though humanitarian principles call on impartial parties to deliver aid in conflicts, the U.N. and other Damascus-based international relief organizations rely on the government-affiliated Syrian Arab Red Crescent, according to the former chief of the U.N.'s Palestinian refugee relief agency in Syria, Roger Hearn.
"Once they give aid to the [Syrian Arab Red Crescent] or to other agencies, they lose control," said Hearn, who said most requests to monitor aid distributions are rejected by Damascus. The U.N. and other nongovernmental organizations "literally don't have that line of sight about where [the aid] is going," he said.
El Hillo said just 2 percent of the aid distributed by the Syrian Arab Red Crescent does not reach beneficiaries.
The Syria Campaign report, which relies on anonymous testimony from U.N. officials as well as public reports, recommends the world body "suspends cooperation" with Damascus if the Syrian government continues to infringe on the U.N.'s independence.
It accuses the U.N. of failing to use its leverage with Assad's government. "The government needs U.N. aid to support vast numbers of citizens," the report said.
The group says the U.N.'s deference to Assad's government plays into the latter's "surrender or starve" tactic, pointing to a U.N.-brokered truce in which residents of rebel-controlled central Homs were evacuated in exchange for food and medical aid in 2014. Hundreds were then arrested by the government, and most of the city, once seen as the epicenter of the 2011 uprising, has since returned to government control.
A 2011 government crackdown on demonstrations sparked a civil war that has drawn fighters from around the globe and divided the U.N.'s Security Council. The U.N. says only a political solution can resolve the conflict.
"It was only in November 2015 that key member states agreed to come to the same room and discuss Syria, face to face. This in itself is a failure," El Hillo said. "All member states with influence are responsible, and chiefly the Security Council."
A Syrian government official, meanwhile, denounced the presence of Western troops in northern Syria, singling out French and German special forces advising the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces battling Islamic State militants in the Manbij and Kobani areas. The official called their presence an "aggression on Syria's independence and sovereignty," in comments carried by state media, which did not broadcast the official's name.
Germany's Defense Ministry said Wednesday that it had not deployed any forces to Syria.
However, the Britain-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, which relies on a network of activists inside the country, said there were nearly two dozen German military personnel in the area working alongside French and U.S. special forces. The head of the Observatory, Rami Abdurrahman, said locals and fighters have reported the presence of the German military advisers. He had no further details.
Information for this article was contributed Sarah El Deeb, Edith M. Lederer and David Rising of The Associated Press.
A Section on 06/16/2016