MIAMI -- U.S. ambassadors in El Salvador, Honduras and Haiti sent urgent cables to the White House in the early days of the Trump administration, pleading with officials to abandon plans to send hundreds of thousands of migrants back to their home countries.
The cables, made public Thursday, expose the divide between career diplomats and a new administration eager to push through major hard-line immigration policies even as it apparently weighed possible fallout on the 2020 presidential race.
Facing legal challenges, the Trump administration later backed down from its hard-line position and last month it extended protections for at least a year as U.S. courts work through the disputes.
The internal State Department memos are contained in a report by Senate Democrats that sheds light on diplomats' alarm ahead of the 2017 decision by the Trump administration to end protections for some 400,000 Central Americans and Haitians living legally in the U.S.
The report suggests that, for the Trump administration, concerns about mass removals of people taking place during the 2020 presidential campaign prevailed over national security warnings from top U.S. diplomats.
The apparent injection of electoral politics in what was supposed to be a policy decision about humanitarian protections for migrants from some of the Western Hemisphere's poorest and most violent countries came from then-Secretary of State Rex Tillerson's policy planning staff, which is made up of political appointees.
It contrasts with the recommendations of U.S. embassies in the affected countries -- El Salvador, Honduras and Haiti -- as well as the State Department's most-senior career diplomat at the time, Thomas Shannon, then the undersecretary of state for political affairs. He argued that taking away so-called temporary protected status for the migrants would destabilize the region and damage the U.S.' standing in Latin America and the Caribbean.
"A sudden termination of [temporary protected status] for El Salvador would undermine additional cooperation to tackle the root causes of illegal migration and overwhelm the country's ability to absorb the refugees," then-U.S. Ambassador Jean Elizabeth Manes wrote in a July 2017 cable to Washington, one of several recommendations received that summer from veteran diplomats who strenuously objected to the decision.
They were backed by Shannon.
"It is our purpose to provide the best possible foreign policy and diplomatic advice," Shannon wrote in a private letter to Tillerson, cited in the report by the minority staff of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. "From my point of view that advice is obvious: extend [temporary protected status] for the countries indicated."
In the ensuing weeks, the Trump administration announced it was terminating the program for the three countries, giving migrants, some of whom had lived in the U.S. for two decades, 18 months to leave. The decision threatened to trigger an unprecedented wave of family separations as parents being expelled would be forced to choose between leaving behind their estimated 273,000 American children or exposing them to recruitment by powerful criminal gangs such as El Salvador's MS-13.
"Despite these warnings, the Trump administration recklessly sought to end the [temporary protected status] designations for El Salvador, Honduras, and Haiti with full knowledge of the inherent dangers of its decisions," Sen. Bob Menendez, the ranking member of the Foreign Relations Committee, said in an introduction to the report titled "Playing Politics With Humanitarian Protections: How Political Aims Trumped U.S. National Security and the Safety of TPS Recipients."
Citizens of Honduras were originally granted the status in 1999 in the wake of overwhelming damage from Hurricane Mitch, while migrants from El Salvador and Haiti gained protection in 2001 and 2010 after devastating earthquakes. Since then, migrants from all three countries have seen those protections extended as successive U.S. administrations, Republican and Democrat, have acknowledged the difficulty the countries would face reabsorbing such a large number of returnees.
Similar arguments are reflected in a lengthy "action memo" sent to Tillerson on Oct. 26, 2017.
In it, Simon Henshaw, then acting head of the State Department's humanitarian bureau and now ambassador to Guinea, recommends extending status for all three countries. But Francisco Palmieri, the then-top acting diplomat in Latin America, recommended the programs be terminated over three years.
Tillerson's staff of political appointees endorsed Palmieri's recommendation but push for termination within two years, pointing out that a 36-month deadline would fall "directly in the middle of the 2020 election cycle."
In the end, Tillerson scribbled "18 months" in three sections of the memo.
A Section on 11/08/2019