WASHINGTON — The two chairmen of the president’s Oil Spill Commission, which is conducting an inquiry into the April 20 Deepwater Horizon disaster in the Gulf of Mexico, expressed skepticism Monday about claims from BP and government officials that initial underestimation of the flow rate of the Macondo well had no effect on the response to the spill.
“It’s a little bit like Custer. He underestimated the number of Indians that were on the other side of the hill, and he paid the ultimate price for that,” said former Sen. Bob Graham, speaking at a news conference with his co-chairman, William Reilly.
The flow rate of the blown out well sparked great controversy at the height of the crisis. The Coast Guard initially pegged the leak at 1,000 barrels a day, then raised that to 5,000 barrels, using both government and BP estimates. But the actual rate initially was 62,000 barrels a day, according to scientists on the government-backed Flow Rate Technical Group.
A persistent question is whether BP and the Coast Guard calibrated their initial response plans, both at the surface and at the sea floor, to handle the smaller amount of gusher oil. Representatives of both,appearing Monday at a commission hearing at the Marriott Wardman Park Hotel, denied that they made such a mistake, saying they went all-out with every available resource.
“We literally threw everything at it,” BP chief operating officer for exploration and production Doug Suttles told the commissioners. Coast Guard Capt. Edwin Stanton echoed those remarks.
But Graham said at thenews conference that the commission has information suggesting that some of the deepsea technology used to fight the leak, such as the “top hat”containment cap, was premised on a smaller flow.
Retired Adm. Thad Allen, in charge of the government’s response, told commissioners that the low estimates didn’t hamper government efforts to deal with the spill.
There was also new information on how the erroneous flow estimate came to be early in the crisis. Ian MacDonald, a Florida State University physical oceanographer, testified Monday that BP’s Regional Oil Spill Response Plan, a 567-page document dated 2008 that covers the Gulf of Mexico and isfamous for its provision for saving walruses that do not actually live in the gulf, contains an incorrect statistical formula for estimating the size of a spill.
The formula in the BP plan underestimates the thickness of black oil on the surface of the sea by a hundredfold, Mac-Donald said. As a result, BP’s “best guess” for the leak as of April 27 was 5,768 barrels, close to the 5,000-barrel estimate initially produced by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
MacDonald made headlines early in the crisis when he said that his own scrutiny of satellite images of the slick produced a leak estimate of 26,000 barrels a day minimum. He told reporters Monday that he did not take evaporation into account, and thus the real flow had to be higher yet.
MacDonald argued that most of the oil remains in the gulf. This oil “is a highly durable material that resists further dissipation,” MacDonald concluded. Referring to the spill as a kind of uncontrolled experiment, he wrote in his prepared testimony that there could be long-term damage to productivity and biodiversity in the gulf: “[We] must remember that this experiment was performed on an ecosystem that was already badly damaged” by overfishing, coastal runoff and low oxygen levels.
Earlier, Graham pressed Suttles why the company overestimated its ability to handle a large spill when it applied for a permit in 2009 to drill the ill-fated Macondo well in the Gulf of Mexico. Suttles said he wasn’t involved in the creation of the company’s Oil Spill Response Plan.
Allen acknowledged that the public and even political leaders were confused about who was in charge. He blamed a 20-year-old law that he said may need to be changed to allow a third party from the oil industry to coordinate cleanup.
By law, BP had a major role in responding and cleaning up - and paying for it. But it also remains responsible to its shareholders not to spend too much, Allen said. He proposed allowing a third party from the industry that would not be beholden to the polluter’s profit margins to run the cleanup.
Information for this article was contributed by Seth Borenstein and Dina Cappiello of The Associated Press.
Front Section, Pages 3 on 09/28/2010